{"corpus_id":23927505,"paper_sha":"d5c552ec5cf1f2e514b149e43ebc8b03dc64370c","doi":"10.1155/2017/7272947","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":29358968,"pmcid":"5735661","mag_id":2770549875,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Methanol Extract of Holarrhena antidysenterica Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages","year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-22","venue":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine","journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM","pages":null,"volume":"2017"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":29,"citation_count":7,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2017/7272947.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5c552ec5cf1f2e514b149e43ebc8b03dc64370c","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades mandibular bone, and outcomes for treatment with surgical resection are typically poor, ultimately resulting in death. Holarrhena antidysenterica L. (Apocynaceae), distributed throughout Sri Lanka and India, has been used as a folk remedy to treat various diseases. Treatment with methanol extract of H. antidysenterica bark (HABE) inhibited cell viability and BrdU incorporation and induced apoptotic cell death in Ca9-22 gingival and HSC-3 tongue SCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that HABE treatment preferentially induces apoptotic cell death via increasing the sub-G1 peak in Ca9-22 cells and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HSC-3 cells. HABE treatment in the presence of zVAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, rescued cell viabilities in both OSCC cell lines. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 increased with reductions in the Bcl-2 protein expression, and the activation of caspase 3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP was detected in HABE-treated Ca9-22 and HSC-3 cells. Furthermore, HABE treatment at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages. Taken together, HABE possesses the inhibitory activity on the growth of OSCC cells and antiosteoclastogenic activity. Therefore, HABE may be a promising alternative and complementary agent for preventing and treating OSCC.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c328b4462924e847da7c87fa17d7ea79","status":"active","text":"At noncytotoxic concentrations, the extract inhibits osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c328b4462924e847da7c87fa17d7ea79"},{"public_id":"cl_f4d5c2b53944a90965219107e43fe493","status":"active","text":"Caspase-dependent apoptosis is supported by rescue of cell viability with zVAD-fmk, increased Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, reduced Bcl-2 expression, and activation of caspase 3 with PARP cleavage in the treated OSCC cells.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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