{"corpus_id":249964968,"paper_sha":"e0ae08f5817ee8148b2235931b13063d942cbc0d","doi":"10.31439/unisci-141","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":null,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Dispute Resolution between the Philippines and China: Fishing Activities in the South China Sea","year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-15","venue":"UNISCI Journal","journal":{"name":"UNISCI Journal","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":[],"reference_count":12,"citation_count":1,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Chinese fishing vessels and maritime militias were found in Philippine waters on April 12, 2021. Diplomatic protests raised by the Philippines have been ignored by China, which still claims most of the South China Sea, although in 2016 The Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague under Annex VII of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), ruled that such a claim is inconsistent with international law. In the article, the authors use a normative research method and a comprehensive literature review in which sources are obtained from secondary data. The results show that China violates the tribunal ruling by infringing the sovereign rights of the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). For the avoidance and prevention of further issues between the two states, the establishment of a Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ) may be used as a settlement.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_a407345c2e1e03d67760fcd39ef1f59f","status":"active","text":"A Provisional Measures Zone may be used as a settlement to avoid and prevent further issues between the two states.","confidence":0.84,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a407345c2e1e03d67760fcd39ef1f59f"},{"public_id":"cl_61dd6dc9535e484c40c3b4a304fd797b","status":"active","text":"China violates the tribunal ruling by infringing the sovereign rights of the Philippines' Exclusive Economic Zone.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_61dd6dc9535e484c40c3b4a304fd797b"},{"public_id":"cl_84987f2f0c59192f682598c626e6a3f5","status":"active","text":"China's continued claim to most of the South China Sea is inconsistent with the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling under Annex VII of UNCLOS.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_84987f2f0c59192f682598c626e6a3f5"},{"public_id":"cl_ca99f450840b48bc371ce26ffacfa46c","status":"active","text":"Chinese fishing vessels and maritime militias were found in Philippine waters on April 12, 2021.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ca99f450840b48bc371ce26ffacfa46c"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0067d238e435afc5f0d7e4f4485dfa15","status":"active","name":"China","description":"The state whose maritime claims and activities are discussed in the dispute.","types":["state"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0067d238e435afc5f0d7e4f4485dfa15"},{"public_id":"co_3212eae37600b6dfd82f59a7fa543329","status":"active","name":"Exclusive Economic Zone","description":"The maritime zone in which a coastal state has special sovereign rights over resources.","types":["maritime zone"],"aliases":["EEZ"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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(12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3bc6f9ad1d1e77d17266ff08e3f21483"},{"public_id":"co_65253ffb939849eb3c89a6d3ccc76120","status":"active","name":"Permanent Court of Arbitration","description":"An international arbitral tribunal based in The Hague that issued the 2016 ruling referenced in the abstract.","types":["court","arbitral tribunal"],"aliases":["PCA","The Hague tribunal"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_65253ffb939849eb3c89a6d3ccc76120"},{"public_id":"co_6af9b393f7fcf8314b01953dfec608f9","status":"active","name":"tribunal ruling","description":"The 2016 arbitration decision cited as rejecting China's broad South China Sea claim under international law.","types":["legal decision"],"aliases":["arbitration 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UNCLOS.","types":["treaty"],"aliases":["UNCLOS"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_92699e147969ae758ff2f64186c85780"},{"public_id":"co_a1230065ba4f44054ee110b5319b2b1e","status":"active","name":"Provisional Measures Zone","description":"A proposed temporary arrangement intended to reduce disputes and manage activities in contested waters.","types":["policy proposal","zone"],"aliases":["PMZ"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a1230065ba4f44054ee110b5319b2b1e"},{"public_id":"co_a5f9303ad66ca6ee3c8b036ffb2de0d1","status":"active","name":"Philippines","description":"The coastal state asserting rights in the disputed waters and raising diplomatic 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