{"corpus_id":252642559,"paper_sha":"8160677b90b742855b5ac4c4b060a934e9ec7444","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2022.09.009","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":36183901,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":null,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Muscle atrophy in CKD: A historical perspective of advancements in its understanding.","year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","venue":"Journal of renal nutrition","journal":{"name":"Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Review","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":14,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","mj":true,"ui":"D051436"},{"d":"Muscular Atrophy","mj":false,"ui":"D009133"},{"d":"Cachexia","mj":false,"ui":"D002100"},{"d":"Muscle Proteins","mj":false,"ui":"D009124"},{"d":"Inflammation","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"complications","mj":false,"ui":"Q000150"}],"ui":"D007249"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Muscle Proteins","ui":"D009124","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://www.jrnjournal.org/article/S1051227622001704/pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8160677b90b742855b5ac4c4b060a934e9ec7444","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nThis perspective reviews the seminal clinical and experimental observations that led to today's current mechanistic model of muscle protein loss (wasting) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).\n\n\nRESULTS AND CONCLUSION\nEarly International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) meetings facilitated discussions and hypotheses about the causes of muscle wasting in CKD. It became widely recognized that wasting is common and correlated with increased risks of mortality and morbidity. Although anorexia and dietary restrictions contribute to muscle loss, several features of CKD-associated wasting cannot be explained by malnutrition alone. The protein catabolism-inducing actions of metabolic acidosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, endocrine disorders and uremic toxins were progressively identified. Continued research to understand the interactions of inflammation, anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, exercise, and nutrition on muscle protein turnover in patients with CKD will hopefully accelerate discoveries and treatments to ameliorate muscle wasting as well as the progression of CKD.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_d49064003b367e9ad74bdd82dcb6ea21","status":"active","text":"Metabolic acidosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, endocrine disorders, and uremic toxins are protein catabolism-inducing actions that have been progressively identified as contributing to muscle wasting in CKD beyond malnutrition alone.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer 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