{"corpus_id":27755742,"paper_sha":"ee38eaaa8a3e2352ed855abf79cb9976a3d982c1","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.118.6.2288","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":864260,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2165380881,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The effect of BCG on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.","year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-06-01","venue":"Journal of Immunology","journal":{"name":"Journal of immunology","pages":"\n          2288-90\n        ","volume":"118 6"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":69,"influential_citation_count":1,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"BCG Vaccine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapeutic use","mj":true,"ui":"Q000627"}],"ui":"D001500"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Foot","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D005528"},{"d":"Leishmania","mj":false,"ui":"D007891"},{"d":"Leishmaniasis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"etiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000209"},{"q":"parasitology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000469"},{"q":"prevention & control","mj":true,"ui":"Q000517"}],"ui":"D007896"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","mj":false,"ui":"D008807"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"BCG Vaccine","ui":"D001500","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/118/6/2288/1003050/ji1180062288.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee38eaaa8a3e2352ed855abf79cb9976a3d982c1","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The effect of administration of live Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a nonspecific immunostimulant, on the course of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice was investigated. BALB/c mice were injected in the footpad with Leishmania tropica, NIH S-strain; in mice that were not pretreated with BCG this produced a reproducible fatal infection characterized by local inflammation, regional lymphadenopathy, and dissemination of parasites with hepatosplenomegaly. In mice that were pretreated with BCG and similarly infected with L. tropica there was a reduction in the severity of cutaneous disease and a significant (p less than 0.005) decrease in mortality without evidence of visceralization.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_840f0445ad76bc4f394e0bc5a957c62a","status":"active","text":"Pretreatment with live BCG reduced the severity of cutaneous disease in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania tropica.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_840f0445ad76bc4f394e0bc5a957c62a"},{"public_id":"cl_04c54a843efb8e487541a3576ab09282","status":"active","text":"Pretreatment with live BCG significantly decreased mortality after Leishmania tropica infection without evidence of visceralization.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_04c54a843efb8e487541a3576ab09282"},{"public_id":"cl_c9499105cfff45972b8ab035808d5145","status":"active","text":"Untreated BALB/c mice developed a reproducible fatal infection characterized by local inflammation, regional lymphadenopathy, parasite dissemination, and hepatosplenomegaly.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c9499105cfff45972b8ab035808d5145"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_16bcc4310dd5b9b06c28bb2aec36fb2a","status":"active","name":"BCG","description":"Live Bacillus Calmette-Guerin used here as a nonspecific immunostimulant administered before infection.","types":["immunostimulant","biological agent"],"aliases":["Bacillus Calmette-Guerin"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_16bcc4310dd5b9b06c28bb2aec36fb2a"},{"public_id":"co_6e200ece95f5a8b21a082ea5ae103ac4","status":"active","name":"BALB/c mice","description":"A mouse strain used as the experimental host in the infection model.","types":["animal model","mouse strain"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6e200ece95f5a8b21a082ea5ae103ac4"},{"public_id":"co_76af1d539158c3c80f26488038b5c3c7","status":"active","name":"hepatosplenomegaly","description":"Enlargement of both the liver and spleen associated with disseminated infection.","types":["clinical finding"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_76af1d539158c3c80f26488038b5c3c7"},{"public_id":"co_9f7a2b17f61bbf9ec7cc9eec5af6c35a","status":"active","name":"regional lymphadenopathy","description":"Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes associated with the infection.","types":["clinical finding"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9f7a2b17f61bbf9ec7cc9eec5af6c35a"},{"public_id":"co_c45cbf9fa9ea49ed5d9346dcbd9717bf","status":"active","name":"local inflammation","description":"Inflammatory response at the site of infection in the footpad.","types":["pathological finding"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c45cbf9fa9ea49ed5d9346dcbd9717bf"},{"public_id":"co_e0f042b3aff2d3baac4e7def70a933d3","status":"active","name":"Leishmania tropica","description":"A protozoan parasite used to induce experimental infection in mice.","types":["pathogen","parasite"],"aliases":["L. tropica"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e0f042b3aff2d3baac4e7def70a933d3"},{"public_id":"co_e95d3e10935425328c0b05582424c660","status":"active","name":"experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis","description":"An experimentally induced skin infection caused by Leishmania in mice.","types":["disease model"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e95d3e10935425328c0b05582424c660"},{"public_id":"co_ecca3f01b8bedb5567d846dfece2d8e8","status":"active","name":"visceralization","description":"Spread of the infection from the skin to internal organs.","types":["disease progression"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ecca3f01b8bedb5567d846dfece2d8e8"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.4049/jimmunol.118.6.2288","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":864260,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2165380881,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/118/6/2288/1003050/ji1180062288.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee38eaaa8a3e2352ed855abf79cb9976a3d982c1","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":null,"status":"BRONZE","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"unknown","references_indexed":false,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":631170,"paper_uid":"b011478b-b2cd-424f-a781-b6a1da910ecb","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631170,"paper_uid":"b011478b-b2cd-424f-a781-b6a1da910ecb","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/27755742"}