{"corpus_id":31370183,"paper_sha":"61f874699c3755b2c4359118065a3817fce0fcaf","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.384","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":24574708,"pmcid":"PMC3923014","mag_id":2026942441,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Is irritable bowel syndrome an organic disorder?","year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-14","venue":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","journal":{"name":"World journal of gastroenterology","pages":"\n          384-400\n        ","volume":"20 2"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":323,"citation_count":95,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Abdominal Pain","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"etiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000209"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D015746"},{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Colon","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"innervation","mj":false,"ui":"Q000294"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"pathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000473"}],"ui":"D003106"},{"d":"Enteroendocrine Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"pathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000473"}],"ui":"D019858"},{"d":"Gastrointestinal Motility","mj":false,"ui":"D005769"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"diagnosis","mj":false,"ui":"Q000175"},{"q":"etiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000209"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"physiopathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000503"}],"ui":"D043183"},{"d":"Neuroendocrine Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"pathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000473"}],"ui":"D055099"},{"d":"Risk Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D012307"},{"d":"Signal Transduction","mj":false,"ui":"D015398"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is generally considered to be functional because there appears to be no associated anatomical defect. Stress and psychological factors are thought to play an important role in IBS. The gut neuroendocrine system (NES), which regulates all functions of the gastrointestinal tract, consists of endocrine cells that are scattered among the epithelial cells of the mucosa, and the enteric nervous system. Although it is capable of operating independently from the central nervous system (CNS), the gut NES is connected to and modulated by the CNS. This review presents evidence for the presence of an anatomical defect in IBS patients, namely in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells. These cells have specialized microvilli that project into the lumen and function as sensors for the luminal content and respond to luminal stimuli by releasing hormones into the lamina propria, which starts a chain reaction that progresses throughout the entire NES. The changes in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells observed in IBS patients are highly consistent with the other abnormalities reported in IBS patients, such as visceral hypersensitivity, dysmotility, and abnormal secretion.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_664dbe842c35efe917fa2ae838792de5","status":"active","text":"Changes in gastrointestinal endocrine cells are consistent with visceral hypersensitivity, dysmotility, and abnormal secretion reported in irritable bowel syndrome patients.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_664dbe842c35efe917fa2ae838792de5"},{"public_id":"cl_865fe003c46dd7aa054aa525f20f1bbd","status":"active","text":"Evidence is presented for an anatomical defect in irritable bowel syndrome patients in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_865fe003c46dd7aa054aa525f20f1bbd"},{"public_id":"cl_4011614e116974ff2a4df23ce680ea45","status":"active","text":"Specialized microvilli on gastrointestinal endocrine cells act as luminal sensors and trigger hormone release into the lamina propria.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_4011614e116974ff2a4df23ce680ea45"},{"public_id":"cl_709ee149973518f3e86473a0b0f06683","status":"active","text":"The gut neuroendocrine system operates independently from the central nervous system while remaining connected to and modulated by it.","confidence":0.89,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_709ee149973518f3e86473a0b0f06683"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0f84a2db2c0128e30ada1079dbdf42f9","status":"active","name":"abnormal secretion","description":"Altered secretion activity in the gastrointestinal tract.","types":["symptom"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0f84a2db2c0128e30ada1079dbdf42f9"},{"public_id":"co_155899fd8d53dcb8a36c29ff055891f6","status":"active","name":"enteric nervous system","description":"The intrinsic nervous network of the gastrointestinal tract.","types":["nervous system"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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(12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_51136126e181aea584ca18351afa6f26"},{"public_id":"co_82cce5228e02909e48ba1f9d3503e56d","status":"active","name":"central nervous system","description":"The brain and spinal cord, which modulate the gut neuroendocrine system.","types":["system"],"aliases":["CNS"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_82cce5228e02909e48ba1f9d3503e56d"},{"public_id":"co_871d481e381be1ffeb0b8b3a930a4eaf","status":"active","name":"gastrointestinal endocrine cells","description":"Hormone-secreting cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa that respond to luminal stimuli.","types":["cell type"],"aliases":["endocrine cells"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_871d481e381be1ffeb0b8b3a930a4eaf"},{"public_id":"co_9529ea32f836311ba0aa3c2b142801cd","status":"active","name":"irritable bowel syndrome","description":"A common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by bowel symptoms without an obvious structural cause in this context.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["IBS"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9529ea32f836311ba0aa3c2b142801cd"},{"public_id":"co_aa8f7558d3945518bb9dcad9adde14b1","status":"active","name":"anatomical defect","description":"A structural abnormality in bodily tissue or organ architecture.","types":["pathology"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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