{"corpus_id":3253109,"paper_sha":"c93f0ec6f82f4090a92a35bd395d00f24ee212cd","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0062208","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":23638007,"pmcid":"3636205","mag_id":1989404504,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Colonic Inflammation in Mice Is Improved by Cigarette Smoke through iNKT Cells Recruitment","year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-25","venue":"PLoS ONE","journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"volume":"8"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":49,"citation_count":36,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Cell Count","mj":false,"ui":"D002452"},{"d":"Colitis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemically induced","mj":false,"ui":"Q000139"},{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D003092"},{"d":"Cytokines","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D016207"},{"d":"Dextran Sulfate","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D016264"},{"d":"Gene Expression Regulation","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"},{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D005786"},{"d":"Liver","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"},{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D008099"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","mj":false,"ui":"D008810"},{"d":"Natural Killer T-Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"cytology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000166"},{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"},{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D055611"},{"d":"Smoke","mj":true,"ui":"D012906"},{"d":"Nicotiana","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":true,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D014026"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Cytokines","ui":"D016207","reg":"0"},{"n":"Smoke","ui":"D012906","reg":"0"},{"n":"Dextran Sulfate","ui":"D016264","reg":"9042-14-2"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0062208&type=printable","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c93f0ec6f82f4090a92a35bd395d00f24ee212cd","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke (CS) protects against intestinal inflammation during ulcerative colitis. Immunoregulatory mechanisms sustaining this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CS on experimental colitis and to characterize the intestinal inflammatory response at the cellular and molecular levels. Using the InExpose® System, a smoking device accurately reproducing human smoking habit, we pre-exposed C57BL/6 mice for 2 weeks to CS, and then we induced colitis by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). This system allowed us to demonstrate that CS exposure improved colonic inflammation (significant decrease in clinical score, body weight loss and weight/length colonic ratio). This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in colonic proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokine expression, as compared to unexposed mice (TNF (p = 0.0169), IFNγ (p<0.0001), and IL-17 (p = 0.0008)). Smoke exposure also induced an increased expression of IL-10 mRNA (p = 0.0035) and a marked recruitment of iNKT (invariant Natural Killer T; CD45+ TCRβ+ CD1d tetramer+) cells in the colon of DSS-untreated mice. Demonstration of the role of iNKT cells in CS-dependent colitis improvement was performed using two different strains of NKT cells deficient mice. Indeed, in Jα18KO and CD1dKO animals, CS exposure failed to induce significant regulation of DSS-induced colitis both at the clinical and molecular levels. Thus, our study demonstrates that iNKT cells are pivotal actors in the CS-dependent protection of the colon. These results highlight the role of intestinal iNKT lymphocytes and their responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Targeting iNKT cells would represent a new therapeutic way for inflammatory bowel diseases.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_29f4185b3253e0766c7907ddab53a391","status":"active","text":"Cigarette smoke exposure improved dextran sodium sulfate-induced colonic inflammation in mice, with lower clinical score, less body weight loss, and a reduced weight-to-length colonic ratio.","confidence":0.99,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_29f4185b3253e0766c7907ddab53a391"},{"public_id":"cl_3c810f9c6b80d28a96375405f752e978","status":"active","text":"Cigarette smoke exposure increased IL-10 mRNA expression and recruited invariant Natural Killer T cells in the colon of dextran sodium sulfate-untreated mice.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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