{"corpus_id":3292483,"paper_sha":"236968c50808d9047d55945b7384d4e3312e12c0","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-19628-z","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":29391477,"pmcid":"5794763","mag_id":2805521463,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Uptake, distribution, clearance, and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and coatings","year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-01","venue":"Scientific Reports","journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"volume":"8"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Materials Science","Chemistry"],"reference_count":35,"citation_count":576,"influential_citation_count":16,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Autophagy","mj":false,"ui":"D001343"},{"d":"Cell Line","mj":false,"ui":"D002460"},{"d":"Cell Line, Tumor","mj":false,"ui":"D045744"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Ferric Compounds","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D005290"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Inactivation, Metabolic","mj":false,"ui":"D008658"},{"d":"Metal Nanoparticles","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"toxicity","mj":true,"ui":"Q000633"}],"ui":"D053768"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","mj":false,"ui":"D008807"},{"d":"Mice, Nude","mj":false,"ui":"D008819"},{"d":"Polyethylene Glycols","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D011092"},{"d":"Polyethyleneimine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D011094"},{"d":"Tissue Distribution","mj":false,"ui":"D014018"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Ferric Compounds","ui":"D005290","reg":"0"},{"n":"ferric oxide","ui":"C000499","reg":"1K09F3G675"},{"n":"Polyethylene Glycols","ui":"D011092","reg":"3WJQ0SDW1A"},{"n":"Polyethyleneimine","ui":"D011094","reg":"9002-98-6"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19628-z.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/236968c50808d9047d55945b7384d4e3312e12c0","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been increasingly used in biomedical applications, but the comprehensive understanding of their interactions with biological systems is relatively limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the in vitro cell uptake, cytotoxicity, in vivo distribution, clearance and toxicity of commercially available and well-characterized IONPs with different sizes and coatings. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated IONPs exhibited significantly higher uptake than PEGylated ones in both macrophages and cancer cells, and caused severe cytotoxicity through multiple mechanisms such as ROS production and apoptosis. 10 nm PEGylated IONPs showed higher cellular uptake than 30 nm ones, and were slightly cytotoxic only at high concentrations. Interestingly, PEGylated IONPs but not PEI-coated IONPs were able to induce autophagy, which may play a protective role against the cytotoxicity of IONPs. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that all the IONPs tended to distribute in the liver and spleen, and the biodegradation and clearance of PEGylated IONPs in these tissues were relatively slow (>2 weeks). Among them, 10 nm PEGylated IONPs achieved the highest tumor uptake. No obvious toxicity was found for PEGylated IONPs in BALB/c mice, whereas PEI-coated IONPs exhibited dose-dependent lethal toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the size and coating properties of IONPs in their applications.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_3f0f0c9a44723d981f24f539f739592a","status":"active","text":"10 nm PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles achieve the highest tumor uptake, while PEGylated nanoparticles show no obvious toxicity in BALB/c mice and PEI-coated nanoparticles show dose-dependent lethal toxicity.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_3f0f0c9a44723d981f24f539f739592a"},{"public_id":"cl_db20a84f451320c6054482da2ddbda2c","status":"active","text":"10 nm PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles have higher cellular uptake than 30 nm PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles and are only slightly cytotoxic at high concentrations.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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