{"corpus_id":33521122,"paper_sha":"4428addd33bf37ea6c22c63094e329aa57918903","doi":"10.1167/15.9.10","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":26200891,"pmcid":"PMC4511121","mag_id":1018887137,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Expectations developed over multiple timescales facilitate visual search performance.","year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","venue":"Journal of Vision","journal":{"name":"Journal of vision","pages":"\n          10\n        ","volume":"15 9"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Psychology"],"reference_count":68,"citation_count":10,"influential_citation_count":1,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Adult","mj":false,"ui":"D000328"},{"d":"Computer Simulation","mj":false,"ui":"D003198"},{"d":"Contrast Sensitivity","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D015350"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Learning","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007858"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D010364"},{"d":"Perceptual Masking","mj":false,"ui":"D010470"},{"d":"Young Adult","mj":false,"ui":"D055815"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Our perception of the world is strongly influenced by our expectations, and a question of key importance is how the visual system develops and updates its expectations through interaction with the environment. We used a visual search task to investigate how expectations of different timescales (from the last few trials to hours to long-term statistics of natural scenes) interact to alter perception. We presented human observers with low-contrast white dots at 12 possible locations equally spaced on a circle, and we asked them to simultaneously identify the presence and location of the dots while manipulating their expectations by presenting stimuli at some locations more frequently than others. Our findings suggest that there are strong acuity differences between absolute target locations (e.g., horizontal vs. vertical) and preexisting long-term biases influencing observers' detection and localization performance, respectively. On top of these, subjects quickly learned about the stimulus distribution, which improved their detection performance but caused increased false alarms at the most frequently presented stimulus locations. Recent exposure to a stimulus resulted in significantly improved detection performance and significantly more false alarms but only at locations at which it was more probable that a stimulus would be presented. Our results can be modeled and understood within a Bayesian framework in terms of a near-optimal integration of sensory evidence with rapidly learned statistical priors, which are skewed toward the very recent history of trials and may help understanding the time scale of developing expectations at the neural level.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_3fed305989a8b3d7607569261bc04150","status":"active","text":"A visual search task revealed that expectations from multiple timescales jointly influence detection and localization performance.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_3fed305989a8b3d7607569261bc04150"},{"public_id":"cl_a92a455f0624db25c97e1ec195e895d4","status":"active","text":"Long-term biases and strong acuity differences between absolute target locations shape observers' detection and localization performance, respectively.","confidence":0.89,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a92a455f0624db25c97e1ec195e895d4"},{"public_id":"cl_1f5232b902dc8d091b047742920442fd","status":"active","text":"Observed behavior is well described by a Bayesian framework with near-optimal integration of sensory evidence and rapidly learned statistical priors skewed toward very recent trial history.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1f5232b902dc8d091b047742920442fd"},{"public_id":"cl_e261109724356a7332cdf7e9fc9c6c86","status":"active","text":"Recent exposure improves detection and increases false alarms only at locations that are more probable for stimulus 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