{"corpus_id":33910653,"paper_sha":"4adbeb00c8e748492778bc7301742383d9740b63","doi":"10.1093/bmb/ldv037","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":26351372,"pmcid":"PMC4562371","mag_id":1884772115,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Social and ethical issues in mitochondrial donation.","year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","venue":"British Medical Bulletin","journal":{"name":"British medical bulletin","pages":"\n          173-82\n        ","volume":"115 1"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Sociology"],"reference_count":55,"citation_count":62,"influential_citation_count":4,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Ethics, Medical","mj":false,"ui":"D004992"},{"d":"Genetic Engineering","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"ethics","mj":false,"ui":"Q000941"}],"ui":"D005818"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Mitochondria","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"transplantation","mj":false,"ui":"Q000637"}],"ui":"D008928"},{"d":"Mitochondrial Diseases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapy","mj":true,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D028361"},{"d":"Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"adverse effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000009"},{"q":"ethics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000941"},{"q":"methods","mj":false,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D000069321"},{"d":"Social Values","mj":false,"ui":"D012945"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-pdf/115/1/173/9154212/ldv037.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4adbeb00c8e748492778bc7301742383d9740b63","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"HYBRID","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND\nThe UK is at the forefront of mitochondrial science and is currently the only country in the world to legalize germ-line technologies involving mitochondrial donation. However, concerns have been raised about genetic modification and the 'slippery slope' to designer babies.\n\n\nSOURCES OF DATA\nThis review uses academic articles, newspaper reports and public documents.\n\n\nAREAS OF AGREEMENT\nMitochondrial donation offers women with mitochondrial disease an opportunity to have healthy, genetically related children.\n\n\nAREAS OF CONTROVERSY\nKey areas of disagreement include safety, the creation of three-parent babies, impact on identity, implications for society, definitions of genetic modification and reproductive choice.\n\n\nGROWING POINTS\nThe UK government legalized the techniques in March 2015. Scientific and medical communities across the world followed the developments with interest.\n\n\nAREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH\nIt is expected that the first cohort of 'three parent' babies will be born in the UK in 2016. Their health and progress will be closely monitored.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_5c8992ee694234da6ba8ec56de5a8bbd","status":"active","text":"Key areas of disagreement include safety, the creation of three-parent babies, impact on identity, implications for society, definitions of genetic modification, and reproductive choice.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_5c8992ee694234da6ba8ec56de5a8bbd"},{"public_id":"cl_e9e1b1f2faf45b4318e0c9031f2df062","status":"active","text":"Mitochondrial donation offers women with mitochondrial disease an opportunity to have healthy, genetically related children.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e9e1b1f2faf45b4318e0c9031f2df062"},{"public_id":"cl_44e20f1867aac385665b06877276bcc9","status":"active","text":"The UK legalized mitochondrial donation techniques in March 2015 and remains the only country to legalize germ-line technologies involving mitochondrial donation.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_44e20f1867aac385665b06877276bcc9"},{"public_id":"cl_ccf6e86567fb34ce74688e2dc611755a","status":"active","text":"The first cohort of three-parent babies in the UK was expected in 2016 and their health and progress were to be closely monitored.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ccf6e86567fb34ce74688e2dc611755a"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_012eecc85e157f93ef5d8e923cd49198","status":"active","name":"United Kingdom","description":"The country where mitochondrial donation was legalized and where the first cohort was expected.","types":["country"],"aliases":["UK"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_012eecc85e157f93ef5d8e923cd49198"},{"public_id":"co_0e336ae0d83b4a8f56f726d3d129cf2b","status":"active","name":"mitochondrial disease","description":"A group of disorders caused by dysfunction in mitochondrial energy production.","types":["condition"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0e336ae0d83b4a8f56f726d3d129cf2b"},{"public_id":"co_141a610f33e9800773fbfcc36b41e4cb","status":"active","name":"safety","description":"The degree to which mitochondrial donation techniques avoid harmful effects in treatment and offspring.","types":["issue"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_141a610f33e9800773fbfcc36b41e4cb"},{"public_id":"co_1ef420aa8cb917dd27e998add7064fd8","status":"active","name":"germ-line technologies","description":"Technologies that alter heritable genetic material in reproductive cells or early embryos.","types":["technology"],"aliases":["germline technologies"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1ef420aa8cb917dd27e998add7064fd8"},{"public_id":"co_37b2ec13a0d8c435050c352f8878967a","status":"active","name":"health and progress","description":"The medical wellbeing and developmental status of the first cohort of children born after mitochondrial donation.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_37b2ec13a0d8c435050c352f8878967a"},{"public_id":"co_54989c273225506283b9283af7ce2349","status":"active","name":"identity","description":"Questions about personal or social identity raised by mitochondrial donation and related family origins.","types":["ethical issue"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_54989c273225506283b9283af7ce2349"},{"public_id":"co_59e52d35f724d0fa598ea11181da03a3","status":"active","name":"healthy, genetically related children","description":"Children conceived so they are genetically related to the parents while avoiding transmission of mitochondrial disease.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_59e52d35f724d0fa598ea11181da03a3"},{"public_id":"co_89091c47a11ce8aef6daa1c700e055ca","status":"active","name":"mitochondrial donation","description":"A reproductive technique that transfers healthy mitochondria to help prevent transmission of mitochondrial disease.","types":["medical technique","reproductive technology"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_89091c47a11ce8aef6daa1c700e055ca"},{"public_id":"co_9a8b2e7284c5f77fe0ab36cbefb3c029","status":"active","name":"mitochondrial donation techniques","description":"Clinical procedures used to replace defective mitochondria in reproductive medicine.","types":["medical procedure"],"aliases":["techniques"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9a8b2e7284c5f77fe0ab36cbefb3c029"},{"public_id":"co_cf1756c0b96750a595096a4b5737d0da","status":"active","name":"three-parent babies","description":"Children conceived using genetic material from three people as a result of mitochondrial donation.","types":["reproductive outcome"],"aliases":["three parent babies"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_cf1756c0b96750a595096a4b5737d0da"},{"public_id":"co_e410673fac161cc07ebbd2c78e96a2a5","status":"active","name":"genetic modification","description":"Deliberate alteration of genetic material in the context of mitochondrial donation policy debates.","types":["concept"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e410673fac161cc07ebbd2c78e96a2a5"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1093/bmb/ldv037","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":26351372,"PubMedCentral":"PMC4562371","MAG":1884772115,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-pdf/115/1/173/9154212/ldv037.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4adbeb00c8e748492778bc7301742383d9740b63","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBY","status":"HYBRID","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":638439,"paper_uid":"b71a20fb-636a-4155-b419-a8b980ee5a74","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":638439,"paper_uid":"b71a20fb-636a-4155-b419-a8b980ee5a74","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/33910653"}