{"corpus_id":38311253,"paper_sha":"3eb1395be79fa8dff5c662b6b27873d23ad85935","doi":"10.1002/cne.901810211","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":690272,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2044249049,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Nuclei of the solitary tract: Efferent projections to the lower brain stem and spinal cord of the cat","year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-09-15","venue":"The Journal of comparative neurology","journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","pages":null,"volume":"181"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":76,"citation_count":698,"influential_citation_count":10,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Autoradiography","mj":false,"ui":"D001345"},{"d":"Brain Mapping","mj":false,"ui":"D001931"},{"d":"Brain Stem","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"}],"ui":"D001933"},{"d":"Cats","mj":false,"ui":"D002415"},{"d":"Horseradish Peroxidase","mj":false,"ui":"D006735"},{"d":"Medulla Oblongata","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000033"}],"ui":"D008526"},{"d":"Neural Pathways","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"}],"ui":"D009434"},{"d":"Neurons, Efferent","mj":false,"ui":"D009476"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Horseradish Peroxidase","ui":"D006735","reg":"EC 1.11.1.-"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The efferent projections from the solitary complex to the lower brain stem and spinal cord were studied in the cat with the autoradiographic anterograde axonal transport and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. A revised cytoarchitectonic description of the caudal two-thirds of the complex is presented in which the complex was subdivided into six nuclei: lateral, ventrolateral, intermediate, medial, parvocellular, and commissural solitary tract nuclei. Following injections of 3H amino acids into electrophysiologically defined regions of the complex in which cardiac or respiratory units were recorded, labeled fibers could be traced to a number of sites in the caudal brain stem including the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, Kölliker-Fuse nucleus and the area ventral to this nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray matter, ambiguus complex, which consists of the retrofacial, ambiguus and retroambiguus nuclei, ventrolateral reticular nucleus (in an area equivalent to the A1 cell group of Dahlström and Fuxe, '64), medial accessory olive, paramedian reticular formation, and lateral cuneate nucleus. Descending solitario-spinal projections have been traced bilaterally, but predominantly to the contralateral side, to the region of the phrenic motor neurons in the C4-C6 ventral horn, to the thoracic ventral horn, and intermediolateral cell column. Confirmatory evidence of some of these projections was obtained from a series of HRP experiments. Mainly small neurons of the parvocellular, medial and commissural solitary tract nuclei project to the region of the parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei. The lateral solitary nucleus projects almost exclusively to the ipsilateral medial accessory olive. It was not possible to interpret conclusively the labeling seen in the medium and large neurons of the ventrolateral solitary nucleus after HRP injections made in the region of the ambiguus-retroambiguus complex due to the problem of fibers of passage. Following injections of HRP into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal cord, retrograde cell labeling was seen in the solitary complex. Cells in the intermediate and commissural nuclei were labeled after all four types of experiments. In the ventrolateral nucleus, medium sized neurons were predominantly labeled after the cervical spinal cord experiments, while large sized neurons were labeled mainly after the thoracic spinal cord injections. The potential physiological significance of these connections is discussed in terms of central control of cardiovascular and respiratory functions.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1e65fe667663b520c1230ce22b90dafe","status":"active","text":"Descending solitario-spinal projections reach the phrenic motor neuron region in the C4-C6 ventral horn, the thoracic ventral horn, and the intermediolateral cell column, with a bilateral but predominantly contralateral distribution.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1e65fe667663b520c1230ce22b90dafe"},{"public_id":"cl_41388597c50519a19628eda412764f62","status":"active","text":"Efferent fibers from the solitary complex project to multiple caudal brain stem targets, including the parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei, lateral periaqueductal gray matter, the ambiguus complex, the ventrolateral reticular nucleus, the medial accessory olive, the paramedian reticular formation, and the lateral cuneate nucleus.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_41388597c50519a19628eda412764f62"},{"public_id":"cl_f446dff3dc1301db9b6c99e947061b32","status":"active","text":"Small neurons of the parvocellular, medial, and commissural solitary tract nuclei project mainly to the parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f446dff3dc1301db9b6c99e947061b32"},{"public_id":"cl_da4f0cacc0d501084d130910c7c9a537","status":"active","text":"The caudal two-thirds of the solitary complex is subdivided into six nuclei: lateral, ventrolateral, intermediate, medial, parvocellular, and commissural solitary tract nuclei.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_da4f0cacc0d501084d130910c7c9a537"},{"public_id":"cl_56f18b4095075d9e768a23d7a5cd144e","status":"active","text":"The lateral solitary nucleus projects almost exclusively to the ipsilateral medial accessory olive, and medium and large neurons in the ventrolateral nucleus show spinal labeling patterns that differ by cervical versus thoracic level.","confidence":0.91,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_56f18b4095075d9e768a23d7a5cd144e"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_13f2485e2520c2e4668f5802d729d90f","status":"active","name":"commissural solitary tract nucleus","description":"A midline-associated subdivision of the solitary tract nuclei.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["commissural nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_13f2485e2520c2e4668f5802d729d90f"},{"public_id":"co_239ffb899bbaac4279c4447482011306","status":"active","name":"intermediolateral cell column","description":"A spinal cord cell column containing sympathetic preganglionic neurons.","types":["spinal cord structure"],"aliases":["IML"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_239ffb899bbaac4279c4447482011306"},{"public_id":"co_4665b5ac1f2a2423570edf33d7a2b672","status":"active","name":"lateral solitary nucleus","description":"A lateral subdivision of the solitary tract nuclei with a specific projection pattern.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["lateral nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4665b5ac1f2a2423570edf33d7a2b672"},{"public_id":"co_5271c16bdcf3b6093c57e99df81b679a","status":"active","name":"medial accessory olive","description":"A medullary olivary nucleus receiving projections from the lateral solitary nucleus.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["MAO"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5271c16bdcf3b6093c57e99df81b679a"},{"public_id":"co_52fb823a6c2a98ab62cc1af57acde6be","status":"active","name":"six nuclei","description":"The set of six subdivisions identified within the caudal solitary complex.","types":["anatomical classification"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_52fb823a6c2a98ab62cc1af57acde6be"},{"public_id":"co_719b218c777d3e74eacef2793973bc12","status":"active","name":"ventrolateral solitary nucleus","description":"A subdivision of the solitary tract nuclei containing medium and large neurons examined for spinal-related labeling.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["ventrolateral nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_719b218c777d3e74eacef2793973bc12"},{"public_id":"co_71b5278490fa883fba933526e2951678","status":"active","name":"phrenic motor neurons","description":"Spinal motor neurons in the cervical cord associated with phrenic output.","types":["neuron population"],"aliases":["phrenic motor neuron region"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_71b5278490fa883fba933526e2951678"},{"public_id":"co_73a305cd5bc19e63809a6ae7cd9f98c8","status":"active","name":"medial solitary tract nucleus","description":"A medial subdivision of the solitary tract nuclei in the solitary complex.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["medial nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_73a305cd5bc19e63809a6ae7cd9f98c8"},{"public_id":"co_8e3884db5f21eadcba9bf591436d3eea","status":"active","name":"caudal brain stem","description":"The lower brain-stem region receiving projections from the solitary complex.","types":["brain region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8e3884db5f21eadcba9bf591436d3eea"},{"public_id":"co_8fcbf20f9e84da589d1ef7c55a9647fb","status":"active","name":"descending solitario-spinal projections","description":"Pathways from the solitary complex that descend to the spinal cord.","types":["neural pathway"],"aliases":["solitario-spinal projections"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8fcbf20f9e84da589d1ef7c55a9647fb"},{"public_id":"co_b2016618db600f880fc849b36fda0482","status":"active","name":"caudal two-thirds","description":"The posterior portion of the solitary complex described in the cytoarchitectonic revision.","types":["anatomical subregion"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b2016618db600f880fc849b36fda0482"},{"public_id":"co_bd056c195531d10fffd4dd8ca1c54e28","status":"active","name":"solitary complex","description":"A brain-stem nuclear complex containing the nuclei of the solitary tract.","types":["brain region"],"aliases":["nuclei of the solitary tract","solitary tract complex"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bd056c195531d10fffd4dd8ca1c54e28"},{"public_id":"co_c596d4dbde43c4553c3d27e46e42418e","status":"active","name":"parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei","description":"A paired set of brain-stem nuclei targeted by projections from the solitary complex.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei","Kölliker-Fuse nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c596d4dbde43c4553c3d27e46e42418e"},{"public_id":"co_c8249f6b850f1f1fa6389862bd88f6b0","status":"active","name":"parvocellular solitary tract nucleus","description":"A small-cell subdivision of the solitary tract nuclei.","types":["brain nucleus"],"aliases":["parvocellular nucleus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c8249f6b850f1f1fa6389862bd88f6b0"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1002/cne.901810211","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":690272,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2044249049,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/38311253","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":638552,"paper_uid":"cf6d40a4-a8d9-48d6-b916-560b6f7b8c00","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":638552,"paper_uid":"cf6d40a4-a8d9-48d6-b916-560b6f7b8c00","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/38311253"}