{"corpus_id":38457240,"paper_sha":"cacbc5f7e1ee8686b049fd3800167e9547f5d5fe","doi":"10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09884-0","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":3193955,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2418281878,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Immunohistochemical localization of glutamine transaminase K, a rat kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, and the relationship to the segment specificity of cysteine conjugate nephrotoxicity.","year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-11-01","venue":"Molecular Pharmacology","journal":{"name":"Molecular pharmacology","pages":"\n          621-7\n        ","volume":"34 5"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":72,"influential_citation_count":3,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Acetylcysteine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D000111"},{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Antibody Specificity","mj":false,"ui":"D000918"},{"d":"Cysteine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"toxicity","mj":false,"ui":"Q000633"}],"ui":"D003545"},{"d":"Immunohistochemistry","mj":false,"ui":"D007150"},{"d":"Kidney","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"},{"q":"enzymology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000201"}],"ui":"D007668"},{"d":"Lyases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"analysis","mj":true,"ui":"Q000032"},{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D008190"},{"d":"Rats","mj":false,"ui":"D051381"},{"d":"Transaminases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"analysis","mj":true,"ui":"Q000032"},{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D000637"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Transaminases","ui":"D000637","reg":"EC 2.6.1.-"},{"n":"glutamine - phenylpyruvate transaminase","ui":"C427605","reg":"EC 2.6.1.64"},{"n":"kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase","ui":"C021481","reg":"EC 2.6.1.7"},{"n":"Lyases","ui":"D008190","reg":"EC 4.-"},{"n":"Cysteine","ui":"D003545","reg":"K848JZ4886"},{"n":"Acetylcysteine","ui":"D000111","reg":"WYQ7N0BPYC"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Rat kidney glutamine transaminase K is a major rat kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase and is a key enzyme in the nephrotoxicity of some cysteine conjugates. However, it has not been demonstrated that the beta-lyase is present in the target cells. Furthermore, although all segments of the proximal tubule are affected by high doses of nephrotoxic cysteine conjugates, the S3 segment is the most sensitive. Because heterogeneous distribution of the beta-lyase could account for the enhanced sensitivity, antibody raised against rat kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase has been prepared and used to investigate the distribution of the enzyme in kidney and other tissues. The data show that the enzyme is highest in rat kidney, consistent with enzyme activity data. By immunohistochemical staining, no enzyme is present in the glomeruli or distal tubular elements of the kidney. The enzyme is present only in the target cells, the renal proximal tubular epithelium. However, the distribution of the beta-lyase within the proximal tubule is not consistent with the hypothesis that a higher concentration of the enzyme in the S3 segment accounts for the greater sensitivity of S3 to nephrotoxic cysteine conjugates compared to S1 and S2. Several alternative hypotheses are discussed.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_65c871b70ac371f50fb452bcedfba5a8","status":"active","text":"Glutamine transaminase K is highest in rat kidney, consistent with prior enzyme activity data.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_65c871b70ac371f50fb452bcedfba5a8"},{"public_id":"cl_a755ea66bc52817e9db4dfe2e48d8e83","status":"active","text":"No beta-lyase staining is detected in glomeruli or distal tubular elements.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a755ea66bc52817e9db4dfe2e48d8e83"},{"public_id":"cl_ca19bafc79806bb6ccad60df40eb323d","status":"active","text":"The enzyme is localized to renal proximal tubular epithelium, the target cells for cysteine conjugate nephrotoxicity.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ca19bafc79806bb6ccad60df40eb323d"},{"public_id":"cl_e15601d6c2abc999c2f435a9f6649b36","status":"active","text":"The proximal tubule distribution of beta-lyase does not support higher S3 concentration as the explanation for the greater sensitivity of the S3 segment to nephrotoxic cysteine conjugates.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e15601d6c2abc999c2f435a9f6649b36"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0ff63a75bceea7057496093e6b458db4","status":"active","name":"glomeruli","description":"The renal filtration structures where no beta-lyase staining was detected.","types":["kidney structure"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0ff63a75bceea7057496093e6b458db4"},{"public_id":"co_3160a714b9d0552ca3ba4602405b9ec9","status":"active","name":"renal proximal tubular epithelium","description":"Epithelial cells of the proximal tubule in the kidney, identified as the enzyme-positive target cells.","types":["kidney tissue"],"aliases":["proximal tubular epithelium"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3160a714b9d0552ca3ba4602405b9ec9"},{"public_id":"co_a57f6e4fc604b5c49143735b7f4a20fe","status":"active","name":"glutamine transaminase K","description":"A rat kidney enzyme identified here as a major cysteine conjugate beta-lyase.","types":["enzyme"],"aliases":["rat kidney glutamine transaminase K"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a57f6e4fc604b5c49143735b7f4a20fe"},{"public_id":"co_b02d5e8d8e38822566ed05947dea3b70","status":"active","name":"distal tubular elements","description":"Distal parts of the kidney tubules where beta-lyase staining was absent.","types":["kidney structure"],"aliases":["distal tubules"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b02d5e8d8e38822566ed05947dea3b70"},{"public_id":"co_b7bd1e7b0a77d19bb22c40226b353dc7","status":"active","name":"rat kidney","description":"The kidney tissue from rat used as the source and tissue of interest in the localization study.","types":["organ","tissue"],"aliases":["kidney"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b7bd1e7b0a77d19bb22c40226b353dc7"},{"public_id":"co_b84af9317ef2fd3ecb27308e1e86e210","status":"active","name":"cysteine conjugate nephrotoxicity","description":"Kidney toxicity caused by certain cysteine conjugates.","types":["toxicological effect"],"aliases":["nephrotoxicity"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b84af9317ef2fd3ecb27308e1e86e210"},{"public_id":"co_d1ca31d4355f8b8b0a3adddb59ed7638","status":"active","name":"S3 segment","description":"The most sensitive segment of the proximal tubule in this context.","types":["kidney tubule segment"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d1ca31d4355f8b8b0a3adddb59ed7638"},{"public_id":"co_d4a9a3bf89ed0ee6a88c68d939696f29","status":"active","name":"cysteine conjugate beta-lyase","description":"An enzyme that cleaves cysteine conjugates and contributes to nephrotoxic activation.","types":["enzyme"],"aliases":["beta-lyase"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d4a9a3bf89ed0ee6a88c68d939696f29"},{"public_id":"co_f8d54ef2b235fc0b1a6c9e2fd5def281","status":"active","name":"enzyme activity data","description":"Measurements of enzymatic activity used for comparison with the immunohistochemical distribution.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":["activity data"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f8d54ef2b235fc0b1a6c9e2fd5def281"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09884-0","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":3193955,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2418281878,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/38457240","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"unknown","references_indexed":false,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":632856,"paper_uid":"d58ea69c-3b22-4076-b6ce-cce03837186b","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":632856,"paper_uid":"d58ea69c-3b22-4076-b6ce-cce03837186b","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/38457240"}