{"corpus_id":39079810,"paper_sha":"2a3053b509f6a39d834dae116d3e131cabe76082","doi":"10.3390/FIB5030032","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2747212139,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Multi-Scale Carbon (Micro/Nano) Fiber Reinforcement of Polyetheretherketone Using High Shear Melt-Processing","year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-28","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Fibers","pages":"32","volume":"5"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Materials Science","Engineering"],"reference_count":27,"citation_count":9,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/5/3/32/pdf?version=1503902022","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a3053b509f6a39d834dae116d3e131cabe76082","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites offer lightweight, high mechanical performance but have required much effort to achieve good fiber–matrix adhesion and uniform distribution, and generally suffer from low impact resistance. In this work, a uniform, high shear melt-processing method was used to prepare carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK), carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced PEEK, and multi-scale CF and CNF reinforced PEEK composites. Scanning electron microscopy images show good fiber distribution and fiber–matrix interaction, as well as surface crystallization of PEEK from the fiber surfaces. Tensile modulus and strength increase most significantly with the addition of CF but with a loss in ductility. The multi-scale composite of CF–CNF-PEEK displays the stiffening effect from the CF and retains more ductility due to the CNF. Further, the CF–CNF-PEEK composite displays the highest impact energy absorption. This study shows that good mixing of CFs and CNFs is achievable in PEEK using a uniform, high shear processing method that can easily produce intricate shapes and provides a stiff, high impact energy absorption multi-scale carbon fiber-reinforced composite.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c04478808293dc02a5fe7997daa3d0f1","status":"active","text":"Carbon fiber addition produces the largest increases in tensile modulus and tensile strength, but reduces ductility.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c04478808293dc02a5fe7997daa3d0f1"},{"public_id":"cl_da54a31ecd5e0a745ba8546b53df4426","status":"active","text":"Scanning electron microscopy shows good fiber distribution, strong fiber–matrix interaction, and surface crystallization of polyetheretherketone from the fiber surfaces.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_da54a31ecd5e0a745ba8546b53df4426"},{"public_id":"cl_fd236dd241bf164613e37120122d2949","status":"active","text":"The carbon fiber–carbon nanofiber–polyetheretherketone composite has the highest impact energy absorption.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_fd236dd241bf164613e37120122d2949"},{"public_id":"cl_62e9159eb6243fe007a682a42ae4cc98","status":"active","text":"The carbon fiber–carbon nanofiber–polyetheretherketone multi-scale composite combines the stiffening effect of carbon fiber with greater retained ductility from carbon nanofiber.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_62e9159eb6243fe007a682a42ae4cc98"},{"public_id":"cl_6d460289a3bdc0715bf7fa9589a2520d","status":"active","text":"Uniform high-shear melt-processing can achieve good mixing of carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers in polyetheretherketone.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6d460289a3bdc0715bf7fa9589a2520d"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_10c51b809b8301cb432c5a73f68387e9","status":"active","name":"impact energy absorption","description":"The amount of impact energy a material can absorb during loading.","types":["mechanical 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