{"corpus_id":40226674,"paper_sha":"214f5b25d30d5e31fa0268721ed45e079e037f57","doi":"10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.002","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":24612860,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1989014651,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Physical fitness and exercise training on individuals with spina bifida: a systematic review.","year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","venue":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","journal":{"name":"Research in developmental disabilities","pages":"\n          1119-36\n        ","volume":"35 5"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Systematic Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":79,"citation_count":49,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Exercise Therapy","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":true,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D005081"},{"d":"Exercise Tolerance","mj":false,"ui":"D017079"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Muscle Strength","mj":false,"ui":"D053580"},{"d":"Oxygen Consumption","mj":false,"ui":"D010101"},{"d":"Physical Endurance","mj":false,"ui":"D010807"},{"d":"Physical Fitness","mj":true,"ui":"D010809"},{"d":"Resistance Training","mj":false,"ui":"D055070"},{"d":"Spinal Dysraphism","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"rehabilitation","mj":true,"ui":"Q000534"}],"ui":"D016135"},{"d":"Treatment Outcome","mj":false,"ui":"D016896"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/25051/1/2014_Oliveira_Spina%20bifida.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/214f5b25d30d5e31fa0268721ed45e079e037f57","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Spina Bifida (SB) is characterized by several physical impairments; however, data on physical fitness and on the benefits of exercise training in individuals with SB are dispersed in the literature. Thus, this systematic review aimed to describe (i) physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, body composition, flexibility and neuromotor) and (ii) exercise training effects on the physical fitness of individuals with SB. CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January to March 2013 and updated in December 2013. Twenty-three studies were included. A summary of the results was performed using a best-evidence synthesis. Participants with SB had lower cardiorespiratory endurance (-32 to 54% in VO2 peak) and muscle strength (-58 to 90%) and higher body fat (159%) than their healthy peers. Mobility restrictions were present in 26.3-61% of participants. No data on neuromotor fitness were found. Aerobic and strength training improved participants' cardiorespiratory endurance (effect sizes 0.78-1.4) and muscle strength (effect sizes 0-0.59). Individuals with SB have impaired cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, body composition and flexibility when compared to healthy peers. Exercise training seems to improve two of these fitness components (cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength). Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of the studies' designs, methods and instruments used limits the establishment of firm conclusions and highlights the need for further research.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_93afdc571b837da491af93122a5c746f","status":"active","text":"Aerobic and strength training improve cardiorespiratory endurance (effect sizes 0.78-1.4) and muscle strength (effect sizes 0-0.59) in individuals with spina bifida.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_93afdc571b837da491af93122a5c746f"},{"public_id":"cl_224a079e9d30726e64a2c733528afa1d","status":"active","text":"Individuals with spina bifida show lower cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength and higher body fat than their healthy peers, with VO2 peak differences of -32 to 54%, muscle strength differences of -58 to 90%, and body fat differences of up to 159%.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_224a079e9d30726e64a2c733528afa1d"},{"public_id":"cl_7f4874846c2b5204dae166802cf7b6f4","status":"active","text":"Mobility restrictions are present in 26.3-61% of individuals with spina bifida across the reviewed studies.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_7f4874846c2b5204dae166802cf7b6f4"},{"public_id":"cl_645ce33101eca76fa8749561d40870c6","status":"active","text":"No data on neuromotor fitness in individuals with spina bifida were found across the reviewed studies.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_645ce33101eca76fa8749561d40870c6"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_08f258e6a1f4aab88b93a2882e747518","status":"active","name":"muscle strength","description":"A physical fitness component reflecting the maximal force that muscles can produce.","types":["physical fitness component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_08f258e6a1f4aab88b93a2882e747518"},{"public_id":"co_0977ceecbbc76b0dfa00efbef8425cdc","status":"active","name":"cardiorespiratory endurance","description":"A physical fitness component reflecting the capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to sustain aerobic activity, quantified via VO2 peak.","types":["physical fitness component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0977ceecbbc76b0dfa00efbef8425cdc"},{"public_id":"co_4cc2252a1dcdeaca5ce2fd1e6973a8e8","status":"active","name":"VO2 peak","description":"A measure of the highest rate of oxygen consumption reached during exercise, used to quantify cardiorespiratory endurance.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4cc2252a1dcdeaca5ce2fd1e6973a8e8"},{"public_id":"co_79654ac60dac0c907ea52bb8aed8c6fa","status":"active","name":"effect size","description":"A standardized statistical measure of the magnitude of a training effect reported across the reviewed studies.","types":["statistical measure"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_79654ac60dac0c907ea52bb8aed8c6fa"},{"public_id":"co_8b0bd999ce0592f24daff092e76af357","status":"active","name":"best-evidence synthesis","description":"A review methodology used to summarize and weigh findings across studies of varying quality.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8b0bd999ce0592f24daff092e76af357"},{"public_id":"co_c221b11dc252eb1b64938172d11b9928","status":"active","name":"neuromotor fitness","description":"A physical fitness component relating to balance, coordination, agility and motor control.","types":["physical fitness component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c221b11dc252eb1b64938172d11b9928"},{"public_id":"co_cb063aef97499a84b3ae016fe9d87b4f","status":"active","name":"body composition","description":"A physical fitness component describing the relative proportions of fat and lean tissue in the body.","types":["physical fitness component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_cb063aef97499a84b3ae016fe9d87b4f"},{"public_id":"co_d67ee40cb4c89d453bfced7d43c19882","status":"active","name":"exercise training","description":"A structured aerobic or strength-based intervention examined in the reviewed studies for its effects on physical fitness in individuals with spina bifida.","types":["intervention"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d67ee40cb4c89d453bfced7d43c19882"},{"public_id":"co_e17b0566b11ae091024081880bac97d5","status":"active","name":"spina bifida","description":"A congenital condition involving incomplete closure of the spine that is associated with physical impairments.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["SB"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e17b0566b11ae091024081880bac97d5"},{"public_id":"co_e37199097d1283987fa70fbfd7653c5a","status":"active","name":"mobility restrictions","description":"Limitations in an individual's ability to move independently, reported as an outcome among individuals with spina bifida.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e37199097d1283987fa70fbfd7653c5a"},{"public_id":"co_fa08ff53b38584c15b71da6e6f07991a","status":"active","name":"flexibility","description":"A physical fitness component describing the range of motion available at a joint or group of joints.","types":["physical fitness component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fa08ff53b38584c15b71da6e6f07991a"},{"public_id":"co_fea73a533f431a91ec17b26f29c804ef","status":"active","name":"physical fitness","description":"A multi-component health construct examined in this review, comprising cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, body composition, flexibility and neuromotor fitness.","types":["health outcome domain"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fea73a533f431a91ec17b26f29c804ef"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.002","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":24612860,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":1989014651,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/25051/1/2014_Oliveira_Spina%20bifida.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/214f5b25d30d5e31fa0268721ed45e079e037f57","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBY","status":"GREEN","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":631670,"paper_uid":"c9b5cbcc-9281-4fd5-8510-71604174fe2f","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631670,"paper_uid":"c9b5cbcc-9281-4fd5-8510-71604174fe2f","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/40226674"}