{"corpus_id":42941466,"paper_sha":"fca2343ca196b2bc264e074a9a2e63cce4edefa7","doi":"10.29079/VOL12ISS2ART253","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2914924732,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Isolation and Identification of Salmonella species from the table eggs in Sulaimani province","year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-30","venue":"","journal":{"name":"","pages":"24-27","volume":"12"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Agricultural and Food Sciences","Biology","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":16,"citation_count":2,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Out of 150 eggs were collected randomly as (local egg 50 and imported egg 100) from different markets of Sulaimani city, during the period from October 2009 to June 2010, Three (3%) of imported eggs were found contaminated with Salmonella. Three different Salmonella serotypes were identified including; Salmonella typhimurium (one strain), Salmonella ohio (one strain) and Salmonella enteritidis (one strain) which represented 1% for each. Introduction Eggs are nutritious foods and they form an important part of the human diet. Consuming eggs, however, has been associated with negative health impacts. Eggs that are improperly handled can be a source of food borne diseases, such as Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is a leading food borne disease worldwide. A Wide range of foods has been implicated in such disease. However, foods of animal origin, especially poultry and poultry products, including eggs, have been consistently implicated in sporadic cases and outbreaks of human Salmonellosis (6, 11, 13). Poultry are widely acknowledged to be a reservoir for Salmonella.Egg contents may be contaminated with Salmonellae by 2 routes: Transovarian (vertical transmission) or trans-shell (horizontal transmission).In vertical transmission, Salmonella are introduced from infected reproductive tissues to eggs prior to shell formation. Salmonella serotypes associated with poultry reproductive tissues that are of public health concern include Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella Heidelberg ( 4,9).Among the different serotypes, Salmonella enteritidis may be better able to achieve invasion, and as a consequence, may be found more frequently in reproductive tissues(14,8).Horizontal transmission is usually derived from fecal contamination on the egg shell. It also includes contamination through environmental vectors, such as farmers, pets and rodents. Many different serotypes of the genus Salmonella can be involved. They may be able to contaminate egg contents by migration through the egg shell and membranes. Such a route is facilitated by moist egg shells, storage at ambient temperature and shell damage (1, 7). The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination ratio of table eggs with Salmonella species in Sulaimani City. Material and methods A total of 150 eggs were collected randomly from local markets in Sulaimani city during the period from October 2009 to June 2010.The eggs were directly transferred by refrigerated containers to laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage. The egg samples were submitted for the bacteriological investigation. Each sample consisted of 10 eggs. The liquid contents of these eggs were separated and the shell were put into a sterile plastic bag and crushed .A after that the crushed shell were added to a flask containing 225 ml buffered peptone waters. Twenty-five ml homogenized liquids (White and yolk liquids) were added into another flask containing the same amount of buffered peptone waters. The flasks were incubated at 37 c. Five ml pr-enriched cultures were transferred to flasks containing 45ml tetrathionate broth (Selective Enrichment) and incubated for 24 h at 42 cْ. After the 24 h incubation the tetrathionate broth cultures was streaked","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_8eac51832d4963d78ea19cd3041fc3fa","status":"active","text":"No Salmonella contamination was reported among the local eggs sampled in the study.","confidence":0.83,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8eac51832d4963d78ea19cd3041fc3fa"},{"public_id":"cl_585639035aec8c2290d03a1445e090ea","status":"active","text":"Three Salmonella serotypes were identified in the contaminated eggs: Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella ohio, and Salmonella enteritidis.","confidence":0.99,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_585639035aec8c2290d03a1445e090ea"},{"public_id":"cl_7b42df28ffe9321ee379a4c0172d1482","status":"active","text":"Three percent of imported eggs collected from markets in Sulaimani city were contaminated with Salmonella.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_7b42df28ffe9321ee379a4c0172d1482"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_21b13c7ae7d48744767a4f14ef5e4f33","status":"active","name":"local eggs","description":"Eggs sourced from local markets and included in the sampling.","types":["sample"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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