{"corpus_id":48364799,"paper_sha":"e01544cff0ac77d052ddedcbaf9612cdf60acf66","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1657771","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":29896039,"pmcid":"PMC5995687","mag_id":2805226444,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evolving Controversies and Uncertainties","year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-29","venue":"International Journal of Angiology","journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","pages":"058 - 080","volume":"27"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":269,"citation_count":52,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5995687?pdf=render","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e01544cff0ac77d052ddedcbaf9612cdf60acf66","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs arise in the portion of abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries and are defined as infrarenal. Most AAAs are totally asymptomatic until catastrophic rupture. The strongest predictor of AAA rupture is the diameter. Surgery is indicated to prevent rupture when the risk of rupture exceeds the risk of surgery. In this review, we aim to analyze this disease comprehensively, starting from an epidemiological perspective, exploring etiology and pathophysiology, and concluding with surgical controversies. We will pursue these goals by addressing eight specific questions regarding AAA: (1) Is the incidence of AAA increasing? (2) Are ultrasound screening programs for AAA effective? (3) What causes AAA: Genes versus environment? (4) Animal models: Are they really relevant? (5) What pathophysiology leads to AAA? (6) Indications for AAA surgery: Are surgeons over-eager to operate? (7) Elective AAA repair: Open or endovascular? (8) Emergency AAA repair: Open or endovascular?","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1cbbffeba15455f59f8e1e94c0ce1583","status":"active","text":"Surgery is indicated to prevent rupture when the risk of rupture exceeds the risk of surgery.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1cbbffeba15455f59f8e1e94c0ce1583"},{"public_id":"cl_a03cd90f611ca08f8393fe61f25e08d0","status":"active","text":"The strongest predictor of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture is aneurysm diameter.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a03cd90f611ca08f8393fe61f25e08d0"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_12694b4601f904d02e3bf1e99de03e29","status":"active","name":"aneurysm 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of the abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["infrarenal AAA"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_20ceb04ba78cf493083962eb9269ca3c"},{"public_id":"co_38c5d0928d7b48b0209a14065bca0d0a","status":"active","name":"risk of rupture","description":"The estimated likelihood that an abdominal aortic aneurysm will rupture.","types":["risk"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_38c5d0928d7b48b0209a14065bca0d0a"},{"public_id":"co_5941d406bc944b3a27a81e545fe4dc50","status":"active","name":"aneurysm diameter","description":"The maximal size of the aneurysm used as a clinical predictor and decision variable.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":["diameter"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5941d406bc944b3a27a81e545fe4dc50"},{"public_id":"co_5bf5ba8cc71a17e8f6c4657e2fc5f785","status":"active","name":"open repair","description":"A surgical approach in which the aneurysm is repaired through open operative exposure.","types":["procedure"],"aliases":["open AAA repair"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5bf5ba8cc71a17e8f6c4657e2fc5f785"},{"public_id":"co_6141d84ca3ebd17c3d317c941ebce468","status":"active","name":"surgery","description":"Operative intervention used here to prevent aneurysm rupture.","types":["treatment"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6141d84ca3ebd17c3d317c941ebce468"},{"public_id":"co_8156c8a0320c86db2cf462d1f32d3ad9","status":"active","name":"abdominal aortic aneurysm","description":"A permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta exceeding 3 cm.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["AAA"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8156c8a0320c86db2cf462d1f32d3ad9"},{"public_id":"co_983156c98401467c567a4998761f0a59","status":"active","name":"ultrasound screening programs for abdominal aortic aneurysm","description":"Population screening programs that use ultrasound to detect abdominal aortic aneurysms.","types":["screening 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