{"corpus_id":4902739,"paper_sha":"71d614e59af7b0f8786d4e22fbfc0016a144d4b9","doi":"10.2174/1874471011666180416161908","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":29658444,"pmcid":"6249690","mag_id":2801430183,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Development of 225Ac Radiopharmaceuticals: TRIUMF Perspectives and Experiences","year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-22","venue":"Current Radiopharmaceuticals","journal":{"name":"Current Radiopharmaceuticals","pages":"156 - 172","volume":"11"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Chemistry","Computer Science"],"reference_count":100,"citation_count":166,"influential_citation_count":7,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Actinium","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":true,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D000186"},{"d":"Alpha Particles","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapeutic use","mj":true,"ui":"Q000627"}],"ui":"D000512"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Neoplasms","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"radiotherapy","mj":true,"ui":"Q000532"}],"ui":"D009369"},{"d":"Radiochemistry","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":true,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D011854"},{"d":"Radionuclide Generators","mj":false,"ui":"D011876"},{"d":"Radiopharmaceuticals","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemical synthesis","mj":true,"ui":"Q000138"},{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D019275"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Actinium-225","ui":"C000615155","reg":"0"},{"n":"Radiopharmaceuticals","ui":"D019275","reg":"0"},{"n":"Actinium","ui":"D000186","reg":"NIK1K0956U"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6249690?pdf=render","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71d614e59af7b0f8786d4e22fbfc0016a144d4b9","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNC","s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of radiopharmaceuticals containing 225Ac for targeted alpha therapy is an active area of academic and commercial research worldwide. Objectives: Despite promising results from recent clinical trials, 225Ac-radiopharmaceutical development still faces significant challenges that must be overcome to realize the widespread clinical use of 225Ac. Some of these challenges include the limited availability of the isotope, the challenging chemistry required to isolate 225Ac from any co-produced isotopes, and the need for stable targeting systems with high radio-labeling yields. Results: Here we provide a review of available literature pertaining to these challenges in the 225Ac-radiopharmaceutical field and also provide insight into how performed and planned efforts at TRIUMF - Canada’s particle accelerator centre - aim to address these issues","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_38a2b5067edbe04f4de91cefc7c5c82a","status":"active","text":"Available literature on 225Ac radiopharmaceutical development is reviewed with emphasis on challenges in isotope supply, isotope isolation chemistry, and stable high-yield targeting systems.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_38a2b5067edbe04f4de91cefc7c5c82a"},{"public_id":"cl_adcf15b3e5713a4d2343f36b650a0734","status":"active","text":"Performed and planned efforts at TRIUMF are presented as approaches intended to address the major development issues in the 225Ac-radiopharmaceutical field.","confidence":0.88,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_adcf15b3e5713a4d2343f36b650a0734"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0edb848ef674fb8b7818d7bb046c24a5","status":"active","name":"development issues","description":"The set of practical obstacles hindering widespread clinical use of 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals.","types":["problem set"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0edb848ef674fb8b7818d7bb046c24a5"},{"public_id":"co_0fdde3df38b414edc0d2e50c0060d61d","status":"active","name":"225Ac-radiopharmaceutical field","description":"The research and development area focused on radiopharmaceuticals containing actinium-225.","types":["research field"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0fdde3df38b414edc0d2e50c0060d61d"},{"public_id":"co_1f90e02b8af781a0920dbfccc945adc6","status":"active","name":"isotope availability","description":"The limited supply of actinium-225 available for radiopharmaceutical production.","types":["resource constraint"],"aliases":["limited availability of the isotope"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1f90e02b8af781a0920dbfccc945adc6"},{"public_id":"co_26e271660352821945430bdc6e9163f0","status":"active","name":"targeted alpha therapy","description":"A cancer treatment approach that delivers alpha-emitting radionuclides to specific molecular targets.","types":["therapy"],"aliases":["TAT"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_26e271660352821945430bdc6e9163f0"},{"public_id":"co_45a59d31040070fe6b40976d05561d7c","status":"active","name":"performed and planned efforts","description":"Current and forthcoming work described as aiming to address the identified development challenges.","types":["research activity"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_45a59d31040070fe6b40976d05561d7c"},{"public_id":"co_687ff01392c24db5a14e2b80ad1d89d9","status":"active","name":"isotope isolation chemistry","description":"The chemical processes used to separate actinium-225 from co-produced isotopes.","types":["chemical process"],"aliases":["challenging chemistry required to isolate 225Ac"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_687ff01392c24db5a14e2b80ad1d89d9"},{"public_id":"co_6e576682af16b375a62c96c66543ab11","status":"active","name":"225Ac radiopharmaceutical development","description":"The development of radiopharmaceuticals that contain the radionuclide actinium-225 for targeted alpha therapy.","types":["research area"],"aliases":["225Ac-radiopharmaceutical development","225Ac radiopharmaceuticals"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6e576682af16b375a62c96c66543ab11"},{"public_id":"co_87cced395d21805003d5e33895abd38d","status":"active","name":"high radio-labeling yields","description":"A high fraction of radiolabel incorporation achieved during preparation of radiopharmaceuticals.","types":["performance measure"],"aliases":["high radiolabeling yields"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_87cced395d21805003d5e33895abd38d"},{"public_id":"co_bec7e28aab53da704b3af9fd44c7686c","status":"active","name":"available literature","description":"Published studies relevant to the stated challenges in 225Ac radiopharmaceutical development.","types":["literature corpus"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bec7e28aab53da704b3af9fd44c7686c"},{"public_id":"co_db59477c5d6302831ff656a39a0114fa","status":"active","name":"stable targeting systems","description":"Molecular systems designed to carry radionuclides to biological targets while remaining intact in use.","types":["method component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_db59477c5d6302831ff656a39a0114fa"},{"public_id":"co_fc7f02801a596a9851f3527b775e864b","status":"active","name":"TRIUMF","description":"Canada's particle accelerator centre, where related performed and planned efforts are based.","types":["institution"],"aliases":["Canada’s particle accelerator centre"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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