{"corpus_id":511965,"paper_sha":"d8469971e591ef3da519c6b60524d78773408469","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2012.2217496","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":22968204,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1963783129,"dblp_id":"journals/tbe/BottinoSLS12","acl_id":null,"title":"A New 3-D Tool for Planning Plastic Surgery","year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-07","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","pages":"3439-3449","volume":"59"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Computer Science","Engineering"],"reference_count":39,"citation_count":35,"influential_citation_count":1,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Computer Simulation","mj":false,"ui":"D003198"},{"d":"Databases, Factual","mj":false,"ui":"D016208"},{"d":"Esthetics","mj":false,"ui":"D004954"},{"d":"Face","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"}],"ui":"D005145"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":true,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D007091"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Patient Care Planning","mj":false,"ui":"D010347"},{"d":"Plastic Surgery Procedures","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":true,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D019651"},{"d":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":true,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D025321"},{"d":"Treatment Outcome","mj":false,"ui":"D016896"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2502046/1/PS%20planning%20TBME%20author%20version.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8469971e591ef3da519c6b60524d78773408469","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Face plastic surgery (PS) plays a major role in today medicine. Both for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, achieving harmony of facial features is an important, if not the major goal. Several systems have been proposed for presenting to patient and surgeon possible outcomes of the surgical procedure. In this paper, we present a new 3-D system able to automatically suggest, for selected facial features as nose, chin, etc., shapes that aesthetically match the patient's face. The basic idea is suggesting shape changes aimed to approach similar but more harmonious faces. To this goal, our system compares the 3-D scan of the patient with a database of scans of harmonious faces, excluding the feature to be corrected. Then, the corresponding features of the k most similar harmonious faces, as well as their average, are suitably pasted onto the patient's face, producing k+1 aesthetically effective surgery simulations. The system has been fully implemented and tested. To demonstrate the system, a 3-D database of harmonious faces has been collected and a number of PS treatments have been simulated. The ratings of the outcomes of the simulations, provided by panels of human judges, show that the system and the underlying idea are effective.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1b45689d03c3fbce29a1bd9b8195195d","status":"active","text":"Ratings from panels of human judges show that the system and its underlying idea are effective.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1b45689d03c3fbce29a1bd9b8195195d"},{"public_id":"cl_b7577011f6dbc65775a48c8354ba0ba4","status":"active","text":"The system uses a collected 3-D database of harmonious faces to automatically suggest shape changes for selected facial features (nose, chin, etc.) by excluding the feature to be corrected, comparing the patient's 3-D scan with the database, and pasting features from the k most similar harmonious faces and their average onto the patient's face to produce k+1 surgery simulations.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b7577011f6dbc65775a48c8354ba0ba4"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_2338850199af2ec8f9ffe5f0c56b2c71","status":"active","name":"database of harmonious faces","description":"A collected database of 3-D scans of faces judged as harmonious, used as reference for suggesting shape changes.","types":["dataset","resource"],"aliases":["harmonious face database"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2338850199af2ec8f9ffe5f0c56b2c71"},{"public_id":"co_284a08443b13862f9fe96183f85e3c34","status":"active","name":"shape changes","description":"The shape modifications suggested by the system for selected facial features to achieve aesthetic harmony.","types":["output","recommendation"],"aliases":["shape suggestions"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_284a08443b13862f9fe96183f85e3c34"},{"public_id":"co_57de6b9f628abca8543b865aa663b675","status":"active","name":"facial features","description":"Selected facial features such as nose, chin, and others that can be corrected through plastic surgery.","types":["anatomical part","surgical target"],"aliases":["nose","chin"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_57de6b9f628abca8543b865aa663b675"},{"public_id":"co_6ccdcaf1d274c300d4dcf9fd2a85651f","status":"active","name":"human judges ratings","description":"Ratings provided by panels of human judges to evaluate the aesthetic effectiveness of the simulated outcomes.","types":["evaluation","measurement"],"aliases":["judge ratings"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6ccdcaf1d274c300d4dcf9fd2a85651f"},{"public_id":"co_9c5b9002ff029508ffcea46b787dc3ea","status":"active","name":"3-D system","description":"A new 3-D tool that automatically suggests shape changes for facial features in plastic surgery by comparing patient's scan with a database of harmonious faces.","types":["system","tool"],"aliases":["3-D tool"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9c5b9002ff029508ffcea46b787dc3ea"},{"public_id":"co_be488bccca5b7dfe33843442cb3de347","status":"active","name":"harmonious faces","description":"Faces judged as aesthetically harmonious, serving as the reference standard in the database.","types":["concept","reference standard"],"aliases":["harmonious face"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_be488bccca5b7dfe33843442cb3de347"},{"public_id":"co_c738d7bc9b0ca44a01456b16604709dd","status":"active","name":"k most similar harmonious faces","description":"The k faces from the database most similar to the patient's face (excluding the feature to be corrected), used for pasting features.","types":["selection","reference set"],"aliases":["k similar faces"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c738d7bc9b0ca44a01456b16604709dd"},{"public_id":"co_d36f0a12e46a91a91b1a23ecd6c6a9e9","status":"active","name":"3-D scan","description":"A three-dimensional digital scan of a patient's face used as input to the system for comparison.","types":["data","input"],"aliases":["3D scan"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d36f0a12e46a91a91b1a23ecd6c6a9e9"},{"public_id":"co_ea2360c79d8831dac6221f67f7eb957d","status":"active","name":"surgery simulations","description":"The k+1 aesthetically effective simulations produced by pasting features from the k most similar faces and their average onto the patient's face.","types":["output","result"],"aliases":["PS simulations"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ea2360c79d8831dac6221f67f7eb957d"},{"public_id":"co_fb4d1f74f80d930b220a6a19f62e5730","status":"active","name":"plastic surgery","description":"The medical field of face plastic surgery, both reconstructive and cosmetic, for which the tool is designed.","types":["medical field","application domain"],"aliases":["face plastic surgery"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fb4d1f74f80d930b220a6a19f62e5730"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1109/TBME.2012.2217496","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":22968204,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":1963783129,"DBLP":"journals/tbe/BottinoSLS12","ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2502046/1/PS%20planning%20TBME%20author%20version.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8469971e591ef3da519c6b60524d78773408469","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":null,"status":"GREEN","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":632086,"paper_uid":"21132573-0c8b-4896-9b61-e50ec1331ff3","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":632086,"paper_uid":"21132573-0c8b-4896-9b61-e50ec1331ff3","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/511965"}