{"corpus_id":52953409,"paper_sha":"e55a0de559b43d3650ca4517115e8533ceb1bbda","doi":"10.5194/GTES-3-19-2015","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2041174390,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential","year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-07","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy Science","pages":"19-39","volume":"3"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Geology","Engineering","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":97,"citation_count":29,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.geoth-energ-sci.net/3/19/2015/gtes-3-19-2015.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e55a0de559b43d3650ca4517115e8533ceb1bbda","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The geothermal community lacks a universal definition of deep geothermal systems. A minimum depth of 400 m is often assumed, with a further sub-classification into middle-deep geothermal systems for reservoirs found between 400 and 1000 m. Yet, the simplistic use of a depth cut-off is insufficient to uniquely determine the type of resource and its associated potential. Different definitions and criteria have been proposed in the past to frame deep geothermal systems. However, although they have valid assumptions, these frameworks lack systematic integration of correlated factors. To further complicate matters, new definitions such as hot dry rock (HDR), enhanced or engineered geothermal systems (EGSs) or deep heat mining have been introduced over the years. A clear and transparent approach is needed to estimate the potential of deep geothermal systems and be capable of distinguishing between resources of a different nature. In order to overcome the ambiguity associated with some past definitions such as EGS, this paper proposes the return to a more rigorous petrothermal versus hydrothermal classification. This would be superimposed with numerical criteria for the following: depth and temperature; predominance of conduction, convection or advection; formation type; rock properties; heat source type; requirement for formation stimulation and corresponding efficiency; requirement to provide the carrier fluid; well productivity (or injectivity); production (or circulation) flow rate; and heat recharge mode. Using the results from data mining of past and present deep geothermal projects worldwide, a classification of the same, according to the aforementioned criteria is proposed.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c3e0617c8bab63a95739e6dc5ebd2e34","status":"active","text":"A depth cut-off alone is insufficient to uniquely determine the type of deep geothermal resource and its associated potential.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c3e0617c8bab63a95739e6dc5ebd2e34"},{"public_id":"cl_2239543b52acf4f2676f45ca0ba99af9","status":"active","text":"A more rigorous petrothermal versus hydrothermal classification, combined with numerical criteria, is proposed to reduce ambiguity in deep geothermal definitions and distinguish resources of different nature.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2239543b52acf4f2676f45ca0ba99af9"},{"public_id":"cl_c5e3935ba3931c4b0b42d467761914fc","status":"active","text":"A worldwide classification of past and present deep geothermal projects is proposed based on data mining of those projects and the listed criteria.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c5e3935ba3931c4b0b42d467761914fc"},{"public_id":"cl_35323418c270b47839c3bcd0c3d887ac","status":"active","text":"The proposed criteria include depth and temperature, heat-transfer dominance, formation type, rock properties, heat source type, stimulation requirement and efficiency, carrier-fluid requirement, well productivity or injectivity, production or circulation flow rate, and heat recharge mode.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_35323418c270b47839c3bcd0c3d887ac"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0cd139d6b5ee6a780b8668f70a43bdc2","status":"active","name":"data mining","description":"Extraction and analysis of information from past and present geothermal project data.","types":["analysis method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0cd139d6b5ee6a780b8668f70a43bdc2"},{"public_id":"co_379058c650e85820185cfdf77f71bf47","status":"active","name":"classification","description":"The assignment of geothermal projects or resources to 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