{"corpus_id":58617440,"paper_sha":"207fbf31c811164292973a83afb17a7cf0c8dbc0","doi":"10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.175","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":30599888,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2890437328,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins from the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit increase the plasma l-arginine/ADMA ratio and decrease levels of ADMA in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet.","year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","venue":"Phytomedicine","journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology","pages":"\n          1-11\n        ","volume":"52"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Chemistry","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":34,"citation_count":25,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Amidohydrolases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D000581"},{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Anthocyanins","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D000872"},{"d":"Arginine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"analogs & derivatives","mj":true,"ui":"Q000031"},{"q":"blood","mj":true,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D001120"},{"d":"Atherosclerosis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemically induced","mj":false,"ui":"Q000139"}],"ui":"D050197"},{"d":"Cholesterol, Dietary","mj":false,"ui":"D002791"},{"d":"Citrulline","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D002956"},{"d":"Cornus","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":true,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D029768"},{"d":"Dimethylamines","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D004123"},{"d":"Fruit","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D005638"},{"d":"Iridoids","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D039823"},{"d":"Liver","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"}],"ui":"D008099"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D052250"},{"d":"Rabbits","mj":false,"ui":"D011817"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Anthocyanins","ui":"D000872","reg":"0"},{"n":"Cholesterol, Dietary","ui":"D002791","reg":"0"},{"n":"Dimethylamines","ui":"D004123","reg":"0"},{"n":"Iridoids","ui":"D039823","reg":"0"},{"n":"loganic acid","ui":"C002947","reg":"22255-40-9"},{"n":"Citrulline","ui":"D002956","reg":"29VT07BGDA"},{"n":"N,N-dimethylarginine","ui":"C018524","reg":"63CV1GEK3Y"},{"n":"Arginine","ui":"D001120","reg":"94ZLA3W45F"},{"n":"dimethylamine","ui":"C034516","reg":"ARQ8157E0Q"},{"n":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","ui":"D052250","reg":"EC 1.14.13.39"},{"n":"Amidohydrolases","ui":"D000581","reg":"EC 3.5.-"},{"n":"dimethylargininase","ui":"C059999","reg":"EC 3.5.3.18"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\nAlthough fruit and vegetable-rich diets have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, we have little knowledge of the impact of fruits and their constituents, iridoids and anthocyanins, on the l-arginine-ADMA-DDAH pathway. Our previous study demonstrated the modulation of those factors by the oral administration of the cornelian cherry fruit.\n\n\nHYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE\nWe have assessed the effects of the oral administration of two main constituents isolated from the cornelian cherry fruit, iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins, on l-arginine, its derivatives (ADMA, SDMA), metabolites (DMA, l-citrulline), and the hepatic DDAH activity and its isoform expression in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. We have also analyzed eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta as well as the redox status in blood.\n\n\nSTUDY DESIGN\nIn the present study, we used an animal model of diet induced atherosclerosis. For 60 days, white New Zealand rabbits were fed a standard diet, a 1% cholesterol enriched diet, or concomitantly with the investigated substances. l-arginine, ADMA, SDMA, DMA, and l-citrulline were assessed using the LC-MS/MS method. DDAH activity and redox parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. DDAH1 and DDAH2 isoform expressions were assessed by western blotting, mRNA expression of eNOS was quantified by real-time PCR.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe demonstrated that the administration of loganic acid (20 mg/kg b.w.), and to a lesser extent of anthocyanins (10 mg/kg b.w.), caused an increase in the l-arginine level and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio. Also, both substances decreased ADMA, DMA, and l-citrulline, but not SDMA levels. Anthocyanins, but not loganic acid, enhanced the activity of DDAH in the liver. Anthocyanins also significantly enhanced both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, while loganic acid to a lesser extent enhanced DDAH1 but not DDAH2 expression. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins pronouncedly increased mRNA expression of eNOS in thoracic aortas. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins reversed the blood glutathione level depleted by dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol feeding decreased the blood GPx level, and the change was not reversed by anthocyanins or loganic acid. We did not observe any significant differences in the blood levels of MDA or SOD among the groups.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nIridoids and anthocyanins may modulate the l-arginine-ADMA pathway in subjects fed a high-cholesterol diet.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c7375562e0a431a8dd8336acfdc2cd6a","status":"active","text":"Anthocyanins also increase plasma l-arginine and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio, with smaller effects than loganic acid, and lower ADMA, DMA, and l-citrulline without affecting SDMA.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c7375562e0a431a8dd8336acfdc2cd6a"},{"public_id":"cl_298f8bd99865b63c98316a037b59f3cd","status":"active","text":"Anthocyanins enhance hepatic DDAH activity and increase both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, whereas loganic acid increases DDAH1 expression to a lesser extent and does not increase DDAH2 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