{"corpus_id":6444678,"paper_sha":"fd32e639b1606519f6fcfcb17d116a7e731affad","doi":"10.1111/ejn.12800","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":25476605,"pmcid":"4359021","mag_id":2038290671,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Parallel pathways from motor and somatosensory cortex for controlling whisker movements in mice","year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-05","venue":"European Journal of Neuroscience","journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Neuroscience","pages":"354 - 367","volume":"41"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":33,"citation_count":62,"influential_citation_count":8,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Axons","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D001369"},{"d":"Efferent Pathways","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D004525"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Functional Laterality","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007839"},{"d":"Glutamic Acid","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D018698"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Mice, Transgenic","mj":false,"ui":"D008822"},{"d":"Motor Activity","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D009043"},{"d":"Motor Cortex","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D009044"},{"d":"Motor Neurons","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"cytology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000166"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D009046"},{"d":"Muscle, Skeletal","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D018482"},{"d":"Neural Inhibition","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D009433"},{"d":"Periodicity","mj":false,"ui":"D010507"},{"d":"Reticular Formation","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D012154"},{"d":"Somatosensory Cortex","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D013003"},{"d":"Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"anatomy & histology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000033"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D014279"},{"d":"Vibrissae","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"innervation","mj":true,"ui":"Q000294"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D014738"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Glutamic Acid","ui":"D018698","reg":"3KX376GY7L"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4359021?pdf=render","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd32e639b1606519f6fcfcb17d116a7e731affad","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNCND","s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Mice can gather tactile sensory information by actively moving their whiskers to palpate objects in their immediate surroundings. Whisker sensory perception therefore requires integration of sensory and motor information, which occurs prominently in the neocortex. The signalling pathways from the neocortex for controlling whisker movements are currently poorly understood in mice. Here, we delineate two pathways, one originating from primary whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1) and the other from whisker motor cortex (wM1), that control qualitatively distinct movements of contralateral whiskers. Optogenetic stimulation of wS1 drove retraction of contralateral whiskers while stimulation of wM1 drove rhythmic whisker protraction. To map brainstem pathways connecting these cortical areas to whisker motor neurons, we used a combination of anterograde tracing using adenoassociated virus injected into neocortex and retrograde tracing using monosynaptic rabies virus injected into whisker muscles. Our data are consistent with wS1 driving whisker retraction by exciting glutamatergic premotor neurons in the rostral spinal trigeminal interpolaris nucleus, which in turn activate the motor neurons innervating the extrinsic retractor muscle nasolabialis. The rhythmic whisker protraction evoked by wM1 stimulation might be driven by excitation of excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons in the brainstem reticular formation innervating both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Our data therefore begin to unravel the neuronal circuits linking the neocortex to whisker motor neurons.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_57499453fa181ed1542bb94db85e91ab","status":"active","text":"Optogenetic stimulation of primary whisker somatosensory cortex drives contralateral whisker retraction.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_57499453fa181ed1542bb94db85e91ab"},{"public_id":"cl_e3b557efb6c27caa5557dc416b1fdcac","status":"active","text":"Optogenetic stimulation of whisker motor cortex drives rhythmic whisker protraction.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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innervating intrinsic and extrinsic whisker muscles.","confidence":0.87,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_dd2efda5078283935477cdc8336f6625"},{"public_id":"cl_29b998b6096ebbc59e8aa27762209cd8","status":"active","text":"Two distinct cortical pathways control qualitatively different contralateral whisker movements in mice, one from primary whisker somatosensory cortex and one from whisker motor cortex.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_29b998b6096ebbc59e8aa27762209cd8"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_007682312e305a8607e7931bc7c02c5f","status":"active","name":"contralateral whisker movements","description":"Movements of the whiskers on the side opposite the 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