{"corpus_id":7062014,"paper_sha":"e6c8ba071980b9dbec0c99de085ddac059730a72","doi":"10.1038/ncomms10602","arxiv_id":"1602.01155","pmid":26830651,"pmcid":"4740901","mag_id":2299593614,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Exceptional damage-tolerance of a medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi at cryogenic temperatures","year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-02","venue":"Nature Communications","journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"volume":"7"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Materials Science","Physics"],"reference_count":57,"citation_count":1602,"influential_citation_count":17,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"arxiv_license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","arxiv_journal_ref":"Nature Communications, vol. 7, p. 10602, Feb. 2, 2016","mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"High-entropy alloys are an intriguing new class of metallic materials that derive their properties from being multi-element systems that can crystallize as a single phase, despite containing high concentrations of five or more elements with different crystal structures. Here we examine an equiatomic medium-entropy alloy containing only three elements, CrCoNi, as a single-phase face-centred cubic solid solution, which displays strength-toughness properties that exceed those of all high-entropy alloys and most multi-phase alloys. At room temperature, the alloy shows tensile strengths of almost 1 GPa, failure strains of ∼70% and KJIc fracture-toughness values above 200 MPa m1/2; at cryogenic temperatures strength, ductility and toughness of the CrCoNi alloy improve to strength levels above 1.3 GPa, failure strains up to 90% and KJIc values of 275 MPa m1/2. Such properties appear to result from continuous steady strain hardening, which acts to suppress plastic instability, resulting from pronounced dislocation activity and deformation-induced nano-twinning. High-entropy alloys derive their properties from being multi-element systems that can crystallize as a single phase. Here, the authors examine a medium-entropy alloy, CrCoNi, which displays strength-toughness properties exceeding those of high-entropy alloys and resulting from steady strain hardening.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_27b94cc6038f709c18500d93393f0fd2","status":"active","text":"At cryogenic temperatures, strength, ductility, and toughness improve further, with strength above 1.3 GPa, failure strains up to 90%, and KJIc values of 275 MPa m1/2.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_27b94cc6038f709c18500d93393f0fd2"},{"public_id":"cl_6b3f2baf14f7290692327b48a10977cb","status":"active","text":"At room temperature, the alloy reaches tensile strengths of almost 1 GPa, failure strains of about 70%, and fracture-toughness values above 200 MPa m1/2.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6b3f2baf14f7290692327b48a10977cb"},{"public_id":"cl_8bfb966aa48223000ae5c3c443e1a53e","status":"active","text":"Continuous steady strain hardening appears to suppress plastic instability through pronounced dislocation activity and deformation-induced nano-twinning.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8bfb966aa48223000ae5c3c443e1a53e"},{"public_id":"cl_915ad566946db7dc041f2e47f4df446e","status":"active","text":"The equiatomic CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy exhibits strength-toughness properties that exceed those of all high-entropy alloys and most multi-phase alloys.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_915ad566946db7dc041f2e47f4df446e"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_010957fad3ea7af49067ab1d339769aa","status":"active","name":"plastic instability","description":"Unstable deformation behavior that can lead to failure during tensile loading.","types":["mechanical phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_010957fad3ea7af49067ab1d339769aa"},{"public_id":"co_0387aab35b00b1eb76d3c68e414422dd","status":"active","name":"fracture-toughness values","description":"Measured resistance to crack growth under fracture loading, reported in MPa m1/2.","types":["mechanical property"],"aliases":["fracture 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