{"corpus_id":7184347,"paper_sha":"f1d202e987396786c1d1095bbff31ac97172e671","doi":"10.1038/ncomms12558","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":27552116,"pmcid":"4996975","mag_id":2517342784,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation","year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-23","venue":"Nature Communications","journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"volume":"7"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Geography","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":81,"citation_count":1578,"influential_citation_count":60,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Agriculture","mj":false,"ui":"D000383"},{"d":"Biodiversity","mj":true,"ui":"D044822"},{"d":"Conservation of Natural Resources","mj":true,"ui":"D003247"},{"d":"Geography","mj":false,"ui":"D005843"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Income","mj":false,"ui":"D007182"},{"d":"Internationality","mj":true,"ui":"D038622"},{"d":"Pressure","mj":false,"ui":"D011312"},{"d":"Socioeconomic Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D012959"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12558.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1d202e987396786c1d1095bbff31ac97172e671","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Human pressures on the environment are changing spatially and temporally, with profound implications for the planet’s biodiversity and human economies. Here we use recently available data on infrastructure, land cover and human access into natural areas to construct a globally standardized measure of the cumulative human footprint on the terrestrial environment at 1 km2 resolution from 1993 to 2009. We note that while the human population has increased by 23% and the world economy has grown 153%, the human footprint has increased by just 9%. Still, 75% the planet’s land surface is experiencing measurable human pressures. Moreover, pressures are perversely intense, widespread and rapidly intensifying in places with high biodiversity. Encouragingly, we discover decreases in environmental pressures in the wealthiest countries and those with strong control of corruption. Clearly the human footprint on Earth is changing, yet there are still opportunities for conservation gains. Habitat loss and urbanization are primary components of human impact on the environment. Here, Venter et al.use global data on infrastructure, agriculture, and urbanization to show that the human footprint is growing slower than the human population, but footprints are increasing in biodiverse regions.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_25a18cde9c1b2835c3c4f0ecdb5aa3b2","status":"active","text":"A globally standardized 1 km2-resolution measure of cumulative terrestrial human footprint was constructed from infrastructure, land cover, and human access data for 1993 to 2009.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_25a18cde9c1b2835c3c4f0ecdb5aa3b2"},{"public_id":"cl_ea1baf6655168958bc52cbf9de9f65a2","status":"active","text":"Environmental pressures decreased in the wealthiest countries and in countries with strong control of 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