{"corpus_id":85547734,"paper_sha":"b6a3aa37d391746fbcce08631e5ac216d2c7bfac","doi":"10.1145/3310194","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2952065976,"dblp_id":"journals/csur/MaZW19","acl_id":null,"title":"WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information","year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-18","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)","pages":"1 - 36","volume":"52"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Computer Science","Engineering"],"reference_count":158,"citation_count":409,"influential_citation_count":10,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"With the high demand for wireless data traffic, WiFi networks have experienced very rapid growth, because they provide high throughput and are easy to deploy. Recently, Channel State Information (CSI) measured by WiFi networks is widely used for different sensing purposes. To get a better understanding of existing WiFi sensing technologies and future WiFi sensing trends, this survey gives a comprehensive review of the signal processing techniques, algorithms, applications, and performance results of WiFi sensing with CSI. Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing techniques have their own advantages and limitations and are suitable for different WiFi sensing applications. The survey groups CSI-based WiFi sensing applications into three categories, detection, recognition, and estimation, depending on whether the outputs are binary/multi-class classifications or numerical values. With the development and deployment of new WiFi technologies, there will be more WiFi sensing opportunities wherein the targets may go beyond from humans to environments, animals, and objects. The survey highlights three challenges for WiFi sensing: robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and coexistence of WiFi sensing and networking. Finally, the survey presents three future WiFi sensing trends, i.e., integrating cross-layer network information, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors, for enhancing existing WiFi sensing capabilities and enabling new WiFi sensing opportunities.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c015062c667627af1227b64b82c9d186","status":"active","text":"CSI-based WiFi sensing applications are grouped into detection, recognition, and estimation according to whether outputs are binary or multi-class labels versus numerical values.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c015062c667627af1227b64b82c9d186"},{"public_id":"cl_809121309eb22de5e691e51597465320","status":"active","text":"Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing techniques have distinct advantages and limitations and are suited to different WiFi sensing applications.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_809121309eb22de5e691e51597465320"},{"public_id":"cl_f6a21e0360a17d79c5c7a916e45f5383","status":"active","text":"Integrating cross-layer network information, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors are presented as future WiFi sensing trends.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f6a21e0360a17d79c5c7a916e45f5383"},{"public_id":"cl_2fdbde9a6514b0d6d36e3965542712a3","status":"active","text":"Robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and coexistence of WiFi sensing and networking are identified as the main challenges for WiFi sensing.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2fdbde9a6514b0d6d36e3965542712a3"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_009bc18e6b86ee683e3735a66c40e912","status":"active","name":"WiFi sensing","description":"The use of WiFi signals and their channel measurements to infer information about people, environments, animals, or objects.","types":["method","sensing approach"],"aliases":["WiFi sensing with CSI"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_009bc18e6b86ee683e3735a66c40e912"},{"public_id":"co_11a4c12d2b888e1c7f3b5cd156f3375e","status":"active","name":"signal processing techniques","description":"Techniques for transforming, filtering, or analyzing CSI signals for 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