{"corpus_id":88508814,"paper_sha":"735d5e85f769094c1e8d925bd4c6b07668a2bcdc","doi":"10.3390/EN12040763","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2915378083,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Investigation of Elastomer Seal Energization: Implications for Conventional and Expandable Hanger Assembly","year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-25","venue":"Energies","journal":{"name":"Energies","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Geology","Engineering","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":26,"citation_count":12,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/763/pdf?version=1551089470","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/735d5e85f769094c1e8d925bd4c6b07668a2bcdc","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Elastomer seals are extensively used in various wellhead and casing/liner hanger equipment as barriers for isolating fluids. Seal assemblies have been identified as one of the major cause of well control incidents. Majority of hangers utilize conventional weight- or mechanical-set slip-and-seal assembly. The objective of this paper is to conduct a detailed investigation of seal energization in conventional and relatively newer expandable type hanger seal assembly. To achieve the objective, the finite element modeling approach was employed. Three dimensional computer models consisting of concentric casings and annular elastomer seal element were constructed. Seal energization process was modelled by manipulating boundary conditions. Conventional seal energization was mimicked by applying rigid support at the bottom of elastomer element and compressing it from the top. Expandable hanger type seal energization was modelled by radially displacing the inner pipe to compress annular seal element. Seal quality was evaluated in terms of contact stress values and profile along the seal-pipe interface. Different amounts of seal energization were simulated. Both types of seal energization processes yielded different contact stress profiles. For the same amount of seal volumetric compression, contact stress profiles were compared. In case of conventional seal energization, contact stress profile decreases from the compression side towards support side. The seal in expandable hanger generates contact stress profile that peaks at the center of contact interface and reduces towards the ends. Convectional seal assembly has more moving parts, making it more prone to failure or under-energization. Finite Element Models were validated using analytical equations, and a good match was obtained. The majority of research related to elastomer seal is focused on material properties evaluation. Limited information is available in public domain on functional design and assessment of seal assembly. This paper adds novel information by providing detailed assessment of advantages and limitations of two different seal energization process. This opens doors for further research in functional failure modes in seal assembly.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_2ee10aa268fd20f5df92a21629426659","status":"active","text":"Conventional seal energization was modeled with rigid support below the elastomer element and top compression, while expandable hanger type seal energization was modeled by radially displacing the inner pipe.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2ee10aa268fd20f5df92a21629426659"},{"public_id":"cl_d2f136bec1f176595890c31a7958f67c","status":"active","text":"Finite element modeling used three dimensional computer models of concentric casings and an annular elastomer seal element to investigate seal energization in conventional and expandable hanger assemblies.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d2f136bec1f176595890c31a7958f67c"},{"public_id":"cl_c30194acb90105de3f7a808a621267e9","status":"active","text":"Finite element models were validated against analytical equations with a good match.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c30194acb90105de3f7a808a621267e9"},{"public_id":"cl_9a245a57f50008c1f9962f40b4989c83","status":"active","text":"For the same seal volumetric compression, conventional seal energization produced contact stress profiles that decreased from the compression side toward the support side.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_9a245a57f50008c1f9962f40b4989c83"},{"public_id":"cl_b54e6d46666c37f1c221e30498d1ae68","status":"active","text":"For the same seal volumetric compression, expandable hanger type seal energization produced contact stress profiles that peaked at the center of the contact interface and decreased toward the ends.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b54e6d46666c37f1c221e30498d1ae68"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_19350a22699ae1c393e858e9de07685d","status":"active","name":"finite element modeling approach","description":"A computational modeling method used to simulate the seal energization process.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_19350a22699ae1c393e858e9de07685d"},{"public_id":"co_1ba737c61dfb8b540216bb24dbc0be8c","status":"active","name":"annular elastomer seal element","description":"A ring-shaped elastic sealing component placed between concentric pipes or casings.","types":["component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1ba737c61dfb8b540216bb24dbc0be8c"},{"public_id":"co_1c92a6427af2dab3ea361ac719c45c22","status":"active","name":"analytical equations","description":"Closed-form equations used as a reference for validating finite element model results.","types":["validation reference"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1c92a6427af2dab3ea361ac719c45c22"},{"public_id":"co_1d67e590bc28d8f906b90a015bf6a9d2","status":"active","name":"seal volumetric compression","description":"The amount of volume reduction applied to the seal element during energization.","types":["comparison basis"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1d67e590bc28d8f906b90a015bf6a9d2"},{"public_id":"co_30f1c367d7ac99314728c8e55bc36e43","status":"active","name":"inner pipe","description":"The inner cylindrical pipe whose radial displacement compresses the seal in the expandable hanger model.","types":["component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_30f1c367d7ac99314728c8e55bc36e43"},{"public_id":"co_54175194e3b5ba027d2531dafed4bd92","status":"active","name":"conventional seal energization","description":"A seal activation process modeled by supporting the elastomer below and compressing it from above.","types":["process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_54175194e3b5ba027d2531dafed4bd92"},{"public_id":"co_608c8090636101514d011da136027d86","status":"active","name":"finite element models","description":"Computational finite element representations used to model seal behavior.","types":["model"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_608c8090636101514d011da136027d86"},{"public_id":"co_71fdbab6e5cc0ddd51e8392b4aa29009","status":"active","name":"expandable hanger type seal energization","description":"A seal activation process modeled by radial displacement of the inner pipe to compress the annular seal.","types":["process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_71fdbab6e5cc0ddd51e8392b4aa29009"},{"public_id":"co_9fd16d059a71ca1e7d751d147ed8d2cd","status":"active","name":"conventional weight- or mechanical-set slip-and-seal assembly","description":"A hanger seal assembly that is energized by weight or mechanical setting mechanisms.","types":["assembly"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9fd16d059a71ca1e7d751d147ed8d2cd"},{"public_id":"co_b6cf8e765901df77ef150665d7577e62","status":"active","name":"three dimensional computer models","description":"Digital 3D models consisting of concentric casings and an annular elastomer seal element.","types":["model"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b6cf8e765901df77ef150665d7577e62"},{"public_id":"co_bfacdd80fded345aaaf53a9cf666e46d","status":"active","name":"contact stress profiles","description":"Distributions of contact stress along the seal-pipe interface used to evaluate seal quality.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bfacdd80fded345aaaf53a9cf666e46d"},{"public_id":"co_fcf13d4565fb3fce3efdaa73378093bc","status":"active","name":"elastomer seals","description":"Elastic sealing elements used as fluid-isolation barriers in wellhead and hanger equipment.","types":["component"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fcf13d4565fb3fce3efdaa73378093bc"},{"public_id":"co_ff268143517dd5af31a5e84a25feb69a","status":"active","name":"expandable type hanger seal assembly","description":"A hanger seal assembly in which expansion compresses the annular seal element.","types":["assembly"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ff268143517dd5af31a5e84a25feb69a"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.3390/EN12040763","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2915378083,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/763/pdf?version=1551089470","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/735d5e85f769094c1e8d925bd4c6b07668a2bcdc","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBY","status":"GOLD","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":631896,"paper_uid":"ef588cb3-4baf-4893-b40d-3e6b697f931d","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631896,"paper_uid":"ef588cb3-4baf-4893-b40d-3e6b697f931d","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/88508814"}