{"corpus_id":9310215,"paper_sha":"c7bded6fb0bcea47b1939baf274f99ef80f99708","doi":"10.1590/S1517-83822007000200034","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2103517584,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products","year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","pages":"369-380","volume":"38"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Chemistry","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":21,"citation_count":1311,"influential_citation_count":56,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v38n2/v38n2a34.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7bded6fb0bcea47b1939baf274f99ef80f99708","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNC","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The emergence of new infectious diseases, the resurgence of several infections that appeared to have been controlled and the increase in bacterial resistance have created the necessity for studies directed towards the development of new antimicrobials. Considering the failure to acquire new molecules with antimicrobial properties from microorganisms, the optimization for screening methods used for the identification of antimicrobials from other natural sources is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate technical variants used in screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Thus, a varied range of natural products of plant, fungi and lichen origin were tested against two bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, by two variants of the agar diffusion method (well and disc), two variants of the bioautographic method (direct and indirect) and by microdilution assay. We concluded that the well-variant of the diffusion method was more sensitive than the disc-variant, whilst the direct-variant of the bioautographic method exhibited a greater sensitivity if compared to indirect-variant. Bioautographic and diffusion techniques were found to have similar sensitivity; however the latter technique provided more suitable conditions for the microbial growth. In this study, we also discussed the best conditions for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_7b2708458b452d4c4cd69d717ce01703","status":"active","text":"Bioautographic and diffusion techniques have similar sensitivity, but diffusion provides more suitable conditions for microbial growth.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_7b2708458b452d4c4cd69d717ce01703"},{"public_id":"cl_9e9e45a3850c5c2b679bc98a7889a235","status":"active","text":"Microdilution assay was used to discuss the best conditions for determining minimal inhibitory concentration.","confidence":0.78,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_9e9e45a3850c5c2b679bc98a7889a235"},{"public_id":"cl_f27d4d53f14fe06eeac5cd7595b9b360","status":"active","text":"The direct variant of the bioautographic method is more sensitive than the indirect variant.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f27d4d53f14fe06eeac5cd7595b9b360"},{"public_id":"cl_eaf94f027a3b32d9ae8611c4eb61001c","status":"active","text":"The well variant of the diffusion method is more sensitive than the disc variant for detecting antibacterial activity in natural products.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_eaf94f027a3b32d9ae8611c4eb61001c"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_105a2fe067cbc62c7f5b64ea016c01b9","status":"active","name":"microdilution assay","description":"A broth-based assay used to measure antibacterial potency across serial dilutions.","types":["assay method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_105a2fe067cbc62c7f5b64ea016c01b9"},{"public_id":"co_21178fd775ea92b45d23f50c054b4199","status":"active","name":"minimal inhibitory concentration","description":"The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that prevents visible bacterial growth.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":["MIC"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_21178fd775ea92b45d23f50c054b4199"},{"public_id":"co_3f62dc02b3068d93d4228f801bbaae0c","status":"active","name":"disc variant","description":"A diffusion-method format in which samples are applied to paper discs on agar.","types":["assay variant"],"aliases":["disc-variant"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3f62dc02b3068d93d4228f801bbaae0c"},{"public_id":"co_43782bbf3cd325b1882659ca50338b08","status":"active","name":"screening methods","description":"Experimental procedures used to detect antibacterial activity in candidate substances.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_43782bbf3cd325b1882659ca50338b08"},{"public_id":"co_5378b05a78cbd3fcf4dc27e2f81d9229","status":"active","name":"indirect variant","description":"A bioautographic format in which detection is performed after an intermediate processing step.","types":["assay variant"],"aliases":["indirect-variant"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5378b05a78cbd3fcf4dc27e2f81d9229"},{"public_id":"co_69be2226962bc7830bb57475114411dd","status":"active","name":"antibacterial activity","description":"The ability of a substance to inhibit or kill bacterial cells.","types":["biological activity"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_69be2226962bc7830bb57475114411dd"},{"public_id":"co_6b80af705b7e1681de418a11d846d2a6","status":"active","name":"direct variant","description":"A bioautographic format in which the antimicrobial sample is applied directly in the detection step.","types":["assay variant"],"aliases":["direct-variant"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6b80af705b7e1681de418a11d846d2a6"},{"public_id":"co_798f2579db9dc10d5783c882bf7915f9","status":"active","name":"well variant","description":"A diffusion-method format in which samples are placed into wells cut in agar.","types":["assay variant"],"aliases":["well-variant"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_798f2579db9dc10d5783c882bf7915f9"},{"public_id":"co_7e6e196be4b110a7f70d586ffefc4e86","status":"active","name":"bioautographic method","description":"A method that combines chromatographic separation with biological detection of antibacterial compounds.","types":["assay method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7e6e196be4b110a7f70d586ffefc4e86"},{"public_id":"co_91dfcc6b14bcb8f492c978e72ce468c2","status":"active","name":"natural products","description":"Compounds or extracts derived from natural sources and evaluated for antibacterial properties.","types":["substance"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_91dfcc6b14bcb8f492c978e72ce468c2"},{"public_id":"co_a6ebbf882bbfecaf8210faae72f3add8","status":"active","name":"agar diffusion method","description":"An assay that assesses antibacterial activity by measuring growth inhibition in agar.","types":["assay method"],"aliases":["diffusion method"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a6ebbf882bbfecaf8210faae72f3add8"},{"public_id":"co_c51b30642d09c268e61879c0323c415a","status":"active","name":"microbial growth","description":"The proliferation of microorganisms under assay conditions.","types":["biological process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c51b30642d09c268e61879c0323c415a"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1590/S1517-83822007000200034","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2103517584,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v38n2/v38n2a34.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7bded6fb0bcea47b1939baf274f99ef80f99708","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBYNC","status":"GOLD","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":637963,"paper_uid":"a6db2079-72a4-4688-b39c-da761125e7d8","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":637963,"paper_uid":"a6db2079-72a4-4688-b39c-da761125e7d8","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/9310215"}