{"corpus_id":9885446,"paper_sha":"ecc6da42b52a11450e17ef108fb72d98c8a51c4d","doi":"10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":16696738,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1482694899,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Meaningful Change and Responsiveness in Common Physical Performance Measures in Older Adults","year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","venue":"Journal of The American Geriatrics Society","journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","pages":null,"volume":"54"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":30,"citation_count":2311,"influential_citation_count":218,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Aged","mj":false,"ui":"D000368"},{"d":"Aged, 80 and over","mj":false,"ui":"D000369"},{"d":"Cohort Studies","mj":false,"ui":"D015331"},{"d":"Exercise Test","mj":false,"ui":"D005080"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Gait","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D005684"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Middle Aged","mj":false,"ui":"D008875"},{"d":"Mobility Limitation","mj":true,"ui":"D051346"},{"d":"Psychomotor Performance","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D011597"},{"d":"Recovery of Function","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D020127"},{"d":"Stroke","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiopathology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000503"}],"ui":"D020521"},{"d":"Stroke Rehabilitation","mj":false,"ui":"D000071939"},{"d":"Walking","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D016138"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To estimate the magnitude of small meaningful and substantial individual change in physical performance measures and evaluate their responsiveness. DESIGN: Secondary data analyses using distribution- and anchor-based methods to determine meaningful change. SETTING: Secondary analysis of data from an observational study and clinical trials of community-dwelling older people and subacute stroke survivors. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults with mobility disabilities in a strength training trial (n=100), subacute stroke survivors in an intervention trial (n=100), and a prospective cohort of community-dwelling older people (n=492). MEASUREMENTS: Gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 6-minute-walk distance (6MWD), and self-reported mobility. RESULTS: Most small meaningful change estimates ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 m/s for gait speed, 0.27 to 0.55 points for SPPB, and 19 to 22 m for 6MWD. Most substantial change estimates ranged from 0.08 to 0.14 m/s for gait speed, 0.99 to 1.34 points for SPPB, and 47 to 49 m for 6MWD. Based on responsiveness indices, per-group sample sizes for clinical trials ranged from 13 to 42 for substantial change and 71 to 161 for small meaningful change. CONCLUSION: Best initial estimates of small meaningful change are near 0.05 m/s for gait speed, 0.5 points for SPPB, and 20 m for 6MWD and of substantial change are near 0.10 m/s for gait speed, 1.0 point for SPPB, and 50 m for 6MWD. For clinical use, substantial change in these measures and small change in gait speed and 6MWD, but not SPPB, are detectable. 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