{"corpus_id":9902951,"paper_sha":"68bde1e3b9fb746861b81bf7cb7a77d0f401d8c8","doi":"10.1084/JEM.194.12.1789","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":11748280,"pmcid":"2193586","mag_id":2148993694,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Activation of Natural Killer T Cells Potentiates or Prevents Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-17","venue":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","journal":{"name":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine","pages":"1789 - 1799","volume":"194"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":62,"citation_count":318,"influential_citation_count":12,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Antigen Presentation","mj":false,"ui":"D017951"},{"d":"Antigens, CD1","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D018949"},{"d":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","mj":true,"ui":"D003602"},{"d":"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"prevention & control","mj":false,"ui":"Q000517"}],"ui":"D004681"},{"d":"Galactosylceramides","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D005699"},{"d":"Immunotherapy","mj":false,"ui":"D007167"},{"d":"Killer Cells, Natural","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D007694"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","mj":false,"ui":"D008810"},{"d":"Myelin Sheath","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D009186"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Antigens, CD1","ui":"D018949","reg":"0"},{"n":"CD1b antigen","ui":"C419394","reg":"0"},{"n":"Galactosylceramides","ui":"D005699","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/194/12/1789.full.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68bde1e3b9fb746861b81bf7cb7a77d0f401d8c8","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNCSA","s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) T cells recognize lipid antigens in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1–like molecule CD1 and rapidly secrete large amounts of the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. We have asked whether NK T cell activation influences adaptive T cell responses to myelin antigens and their ability to cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis. While simultaneous activation of NK T cells with the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and myelin-reactive T cells potentiates EAE in B10.PL mice, prior activation of NK T cells protects against disease. Exacerbation of EAE is mediated by an enhanced T helper type 1 (Th1) response to myelin basic protein and is lost in mice deficient in IFN-γ. Protection is mediated by immune deviation of the anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) response and is dependent upon the secretion of IL-4. The modulatory effect of α-GalCer requires the CD1d antigen presentation pathway and is dependent upon the nature of the NK T cell response in B10.PL or C57BL/6 mice. Because CD1 molecules are nonpolymorphic and remarkably conserved among different species, modulation of NK T cell activation represents a target for intervention in T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_b2e3f043d9e2ecb2256e9cad71e4be85","status":"active","text":"Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated by an enhanced T helper type 1 response to myelin basic protein and is lost in interferon-γ-deficient mice","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ 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