Gonadotropin therapy in assisted reproduction: an evolutionary perspective from biologics to biotech

Gonadotropin therapy plays an integral role in ovarian stimulation for infertility treatments. Efforts have been made over the last century to improve gonadotropin preparations. Undoubtedly, current gonadotropins have better quality and safety profiles as well as clinical efficacy than earlier ones. A major achievement has been introducing recombinant technology in the manufacturing processes for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. Recombinant gonadotropins are purer than urine-derived gonadotropins, and incorporating vial filling by mass virtually eliminated batch-to-batch variations and enabled accurate dosing. Recombinant and fill-by-mass technologies have been the driving forces for launching of prefilled pen devices for more patient-friendly ovarian stimulation. The most recent developments include the fixed combination of follitropin alfa + lutropin alfa, long-acting FSH gonadotropin, and a new family of prefilled pen injector devices for administration of recombinant gonadotropins. The next step would be the production of orally bioactive molecules with selective follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone activity.

• Publication year

  2014

• Venue

  Clinics

• Publication date

  2014-04-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.6061/clinics/2014(04)10PMID 24714837PMCID 3971356
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Signaling of an allosteric, nanomolar potent, low molecular weight agonist for the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.

  2013influential reference
• Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone supplementation in poor responders undergoing IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2013cited by this paper
• The use of recombinant luteinizing hormone in patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques with advanced reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2012influential reference
• Chapter-04 Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

  2012influential reference
• Efficacy of different gonadotropin combinations to support ovulation induction in WHO type I anovulation infertility: Clinical evidences of human recombinant FSH/human recombinant LH in a 2:1 ratio and highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation protocols

  2012cited by this paper
• The recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin prefilled pen: results of patient and nurse human factors usability testing

  2012cited by this paper
• History and challenges surrounding ovarian stimulation in the treatment of infertility.

  2012cited by this paper
• Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles. A Cochrane review.

  2012cited by this paper
• Outcomes of New Quality Standards of Follitropin Alfa on Ovarian Stimulation

  2012cited by this paper
• Long-acting FSH versus daily FSH for women undergoing assisted reproduction.

  2012cited by this paper
• Recombinant human LH supplementation versus supplementation with urinary hCG-based LH activity during controlled ovarian stimulation in the long GnRH-agonist protocol: a matched case–control study

  2012cited by this paper
• Is there a place for corifollitropin alfa in IVF/ICSI cycles? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2012cited by this paper
• A randomized assessor-blind trial comparing highly purified hMG and recombinant FSH in a GnRH antagonist cycle with compulsory single-blastocyst transfer.

  2012cited by this paper
• The use of androgens or androgen-modulating agents in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2012influential reference
• Lutropin Alfa

  2012cited by this paper
• Recombinant versus urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin for final oocyte maturation triggering in IVF and ICSI cycles.

  2011cited by this paper
• A comparison between follitropin α filled by mass and follitropin a filled by bioassay in the same egg donors.

  2011cited by this paper
• The redesigned follitropin α pen injector for infertility treatment

  2011cited by this paper
• Individualised controlled ovarian stimulation (iCOS): maximising success rates for assisted reproductive technology patients

  2011cited by this paper
• Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles.

  2011cited by this paper
• GnRH agonist for triggering of final oocyte maturation: time for a change of practice?

  2011cited by this paper
• Pharmacologic profiling of corifollitropin alfa, the first developed sustained follicle stimulant.

  2011cited by this paper
• Urinary hMG (Meropur) versus recombinant FSH plus recombinant LH (Pergoveris) in IVF: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

  2010cited by this paper
• Clinical Efficacy of Highly Purified hMG versus Recombinant FSH in IVF/ICSI Cycles: A Meta-Analysis

  2010cited by this paper
• Theca: the forgotten cell of the ovarian follicle.

  2010cited by this paper
• Recombinant human follicular stimulating hormone and recombinant human luteinizing hormone in a 2:1 ratio combination. Pharmacological characteristics and clinical applications

  2010cited by this paper
• Advances in recombinant DNA technology: corifollitropin alfa, a hybrid molecule with sustained follicle-stimulating activity and reduced injection frequency.

  2009cited by this paper
• Highly purified hMG achieves better pregnancy rates in IVF cycles but not ICSI cycles compared with recombinant FSH: a meta-analysis

  2009cited by this paper
• Proteomic analyses of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone and urinary-derived gonadotropin preparations.

  2009cited by this paper
• Reproductive endocrinology : a molecular approach

  2009cited by this paper
• Serum half-life of pituitary gonadotropins is decreased by sulfonation and increased by sialylation in women.

  2009cited by this paper
• Suboptimal response to GnRHa long protocol is associated with a common LH polymorphism.

  2009cited by this paper
• Differences in gene expression of granulosa cells from women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with either recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone or highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin.

  2009cited by this paper
• FSH: One Hormone with Multiple Forms, or a Family of Multiple Hormones

  2009influential reference
• Analytical identification of additional impurities in urinary-derived gonadotrophins.

  2009cited by this paper
• Normal Production of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women and After Oophorectomy

  2009cited by this paper
• Follitropin-alpha (Gonal-F) versus follitropin-beta (Puregon) in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization: is there any difference?

  2009cited by this paper
• Recombinant LH (lutropin alfa) for the treatment of hypogonadotrophic women with profound LH deficiency: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, proof‐of‐efficacy study

  2008cited by this paper
• Induction of ovulation by a potent, orally active, low molecular weight agonist (Org 43553) of the luteinizing hormone receptor.

  2008cited by this paper
• Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives.

  2008cited by this paper
• Bioequivalence of recombinant human FSH and recombinant human LH in a fixed 2 : 1 combination: two phase I, randomised, crossover studies

  2008cited by this paper
• A comparison of the efficacy, tolerability, and convenience of two formulations of follitropin-alpha in Iranian woman undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles.

  2008cited by this paper
• Highly purified hMG versus recombinant FSH in ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH antagonists--a randomized study.

  2008influential reference
• Effectiveness of highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin vs. recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in first-cycle in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients.

  2008influential reference
• The ratio of late-follicular to mid-follicular phase LH concentrations efficiently predicts ART outcomes in women undergoing ART treatment with GnRH-agonist long protocol and stimulation with recombinant FSH

  2008cited by this paper
• Detection of perimenopause or postmenopause human chorionic gonadotropin: an unnecessary source of alarm.

  2008cited by this paper
• Among patients treated with FSH and GnRH analogues for in vitro fertilization, is the addition of recombinant LH associated with the probability of live birth? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Recombinant LH supplementation to recombinant FSH during induced ovarian stimulation in the GnRH-antagonist protocol: a meta-analysis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Is progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration associated with the probability of pregnancy in in vitro fertilization? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Gonadotrophin products: empowering patients to choose the product that meets their needs.

  2007cited by this paper
• A prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study on the assessment of tolerability and of clinical efficacy of Merional (hMG-IBSA) administered subcutaneously versus Merional administered intramuscularly in women undergoing multifollicular ovarian stimulation in an ART programme (IVF)

  2007cited by this paper
• Sulfonation and sialylation of gonadotropins in women during the menstrual cycle, after menopause, and with polycystic ovarian syndrome and in men.

  2007cited by this paper
• Recombinant luteinizing hormone supplementation to recombinant follicle-stimulation hormone during induced ovarian stimulation in the GnRH-agonist protocol: A meta-analysis

  2007cited by this paper
• Urinary hMG versus recombinant FSH for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation following an agonist long down-regulation protocol in IVF or ICSI treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone (rLH) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive cycles.

  2007cited by this paper
• Allosteric Activation of the Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Receptor by Selective, Nonpeptide Agonists*

  2006cited by this paper
• FSH and folliculogenesis: from physiology to ovarian stimulation.

  2006cited by this paper
• Exploiting LH in ovarian stimulation.

  2006cited by this paper
• Molecular pharmacology of gonadotropins

  2005influential reference
• Continued improvements in the quality and consistency of follitropin alfa, recombinant human FSH.

  2005influential reference
• Recombinant human LH supplementation versus recombinant human FSH (rFSH) step-up protocol during controlled ovarian stimulation in normogonadotrophic women with initial inadequate ovarian response to rFSH. A multicentre, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

  2005cited by this paper
• Specificity and promiscuity of gonadotropin receptors.

  2005cited by this paper
• Randomized trial to compare the effect of recombinant human FSH (follitropin alfa) with or without recombinant human LH in women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment.

  2004cited by this paper
• Pharmacodynamics of a single low dose of long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-carboxy terminal peptide, corifollitropin alfa) in women with World Health Organization group II anovulatory infertility.

  2004cited by this paper
• Effects of recombinant LH (rLH) supplementation during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in normogonadotrophic women with an initial inadequate response to recombinant FSH (rFSH) after pituitary downregulation

  2004cited by this paper
• Exogenous luteinizing hormone in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction techniques.

  2004cited by this paper
• Historical perspectives in gonadotrophin therapy.

  2004influential reference
• Inhibins, activins, and follistatin in the aging female and male.

  2004cited by this paper
• Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Expression: A Perspective1

  2004cited by this paper
• Glycosylation of human recombinant gonadotrophins: characterization and batch-to-batch consistency.

  2003cited by this paper
• Quantification of follicle stimulating hormone (follitropin alfa): is in vivo bioassay still relevant in the recombinant age?

  2003influential reference
• Improvement in consistency of response to ovarian stimulation with recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone resulting from a new method for calibrating the therapeutic preparation.

  2003cited by this paper
• Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities.

  2003cited by this paper
• An open, randomized single-centre study to compare the efficacy and convenience of follitropin beta administered by a pen device with follitropin alpha administered by a conventional syringe in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ovarian age-related responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ovarian response and pregnancy outcome related to mid-follicular LH levels in women undergoing assisted reproduction with GnRH agonist down-regulation and recombinant FSH stimulation.

  2002cited by this paper
• Three-dimensional structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone.

  2001cited by this paper
• Rescue of IVF cycles by HMG in pituitary down-regulated normogonadotrophic young women characterized by a poor initial response to recombinant FSH.

  2001cited by this paper
• Follitropin-β administered by pen device has superior local tolerance compared with follitropin-α administered by conventional syringe

  2001cited by this paper
• Follitropin-beta administered by pen device has superior local tolerance compared with follitropin-alpha administered by conventional syringe.

  2001cited by this paper
• Role of periovulatory luteinizing hormone concentrations during assisted reproductive technology cycles stimulated exclusively with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone.

  2001cited by this paper
• Increased risk of early pregnancy loss by profound suppression of luteinizing hormone during ovarian stimulation in normogonadotrophic women undergoing assisted reproduction.

  2000cited by this paper
• A biological, immunological and physico-chemical comparison of the current clinical batches of the recombinant FSH preparations Gonal-F and Puregon.

  2000cited by this paper
• The role of LH in ovarian stimulation: exogenous LH: let's design the future.

  2000cited by this paper
• A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy comparison of recombinant and urinary HCG for inducing oocyte maturation and follicular luteinization in ovarian stimulation.

  2000cited by this paper
• Suppression of LH during ovarian stimulation: effects differ in cycles stimulated with purified urinary FSH and recombinant FSH.

  2000cited by this paper
• Recombinant luteinizing hormone in ovarian hyperstimulation after stimulation failure in normogonadotropic women.

  1999cited by this paper
• A prospective, randomized comparison of ovulation induction using highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone alone and with recombinant human luteinizing hormone in in-vitro fertilization.

  1999cited by this paper
• Recombinant human luteinizing hormone (LH) to support recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced follicular development in LH- and FSH-deficient anovulatory women: a dose-finding study. The European Recombinant Human LH Study Group.

  1998cited by this paper
• Glycoform composition of serum gonadotrophins through the normal menstrual cycle and in the post-menopausal state.

  1998cited by this paper
• Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human luteinizing hormone: Part I. Pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration to healthy female volunteers and comparison with urinary human luteinizing hormone.

  1998cited by this paper
• Assessment of the role of serum luteinizing hormone and estradiol response to follicle-stimulating hormone on in vitro fertilization treatment outcome.

  1997cited by this paper
• Manipulation of human ovarian function: physiological concepts and clinical consequences.

  1997cited by this paper
• Assessment of the role of serum luteinizing hormone and estradiol response to follicle-stimulating hormone on in vitro fertilization treatment outcome

  1997cited by this paper
• Gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors during the perimenopause.

  1996cited by this paper
• Genetic engineering of human FSH (Gonal-F).

  1996cited by this paper
• Molecular biology and biochemistry of human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon).

  1996cited by this paper
• Structure-function relationship of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon).

  1996cited by this paper
• Age related changes in the pituitary‐testicular axis in normal men; lower serum testosterone results from decreased bioactive LH drive

  1995cited by this paper
• Intraovarian factors regulating ovarian function.

  1995influential reference

• Disulfide Bond Mapping of Follitropin Delta, a Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone (rFSH), by X-Ray Crystallography

  2026cites this paper
• Affordable mRNA Novel Proteins, Recombinant Protein Conversions, and Biosimilars—Advice to Developers and Regulatory Agencies

  2025cites this paper
• Monoclonal antibody potentiating gonadotropin activity in vitro and in vivo in male and female rats and in ewes

  2025cites this paper
• Prospective Assessment of Gonadotropin Therapy and Its Outcome in Nonobstructive Azoospermic Patients

  2025cites this paper
• Introduction: luteinizing hormone for life’s journey

  2025cites this paper
• The pharmacogenomic biomarkers and clinical effect of FSHR gene variants on female infertility.

  2025cites this paper
• Pituitary extract supplementation enhances follicular survival and gonadotropin receptor expression in vitrified ovarian tissue of Aceh cattle, Indonesia

  2025cites this paper
• The role of luteinizing hormone in the management of female infertility: A French Delphi consensus

  2025cites this paper
• Comparison of efficacy, safety, and economy of recombinant and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone in women with a predicted normal response undergoing assisted reproductive technology

  2025cites this paper
• Increased glycoprotein hormone yield in stably transfected CHO cells using human serum albumin signal peptide for beta-chains

  2025cites this paper
• The role of luteinizing hormone activity in spermatogenesis: from physiology to clinical practice

  2025influential citation
• Human chorionic gonadotropin-based clinical treatments for infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia.

  2025cites this paper
• The Effect of Progesterone Elevation on the Day of Trigger Administration: A Review of the Literature

  2024cites this paper
• History of gonadotropin use in controlled ovarian stimulation in process of in vitro fertilization

  2024cites this paper
• Advancing Therapeutic and Vaccine Proteins: Switching from Recombinant to Ribosomal Delivery—A Humanitarian Cause

  2024cites this paper
• In vitro fertilization impact on the risk of breast cancer

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone dose on the risk of being classified as suboptimal responders according to the POSEIDON criteria

  2024cites this paper
• Why choose the rabbit to work in reproductive technology?

  2024cites this paper
• In-vitro fertilization experience with follitropin-delta in poor responders identified by POSEIDON Classification.

  2024cites this paper
• Follicle-stimulating hormone sweetness: How carbohydrate structures impact on the biological function of the hormone.

  2024cites this paper
• Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following sole gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger: a case series and literature review

  2024cites this paper
• Analytical Investigation of the Profile of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Highly Purified Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Preparations

  2024cites this paper
• Clinical Factors Impacting Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction Success in Hypogonadal Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia.

  2024cites this paper
• Independent value of PMOI on hCG day in predicting pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI cycles

  2023cites this paper
• Development of a reporter gene-based assay for the bioactivity determination of rhLH pharmaceutical products.

  2023cites this paper
• The Role of Dydrogesterone in the Management of Luteal Phase Defect: A Comprehensive Review

  2023cites this paper
• A semi-automated hybrid HPLC-MS approach for in-depth characterization of intact non-covalent heterodimer glycoforms of gonadotropin biopharmaceuticals.

  2023cites this paper
• In vivo rabbit embryo production and cryopreservation review. Application to ex situ conservation and rederivation

  2023cites this paper
• Dosing Characteristics of Recombinant Human Luteinizing Hormone or Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin-Derived LH Activity in Patients Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation: A German Fertility Database Study

  2023cites this paper
• Biological Assay to Determine Gonadotropin Potency: From In Vivo to In Vitro Sustainable Method

  2023cites this paper
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Regulation of T-Helpers Type 17

  2023cites this paper
• A Narrative Review Discussing the Efficiency of Personalized Dosing Algorithm of Follitropin Delta for Ovarian Stimulation and the Reproductive and Clinical Outcomes

  2023cites this paper
• Ecdysteroids: isolation, chemical transformations, and biological activity

  2022cites this paper
• Metaphase-II oocyte competence is unlinked to the gonadotrophins used for ovarian stimulation: a matched case–control study in women of advanced maternal age

  2022cites this paper
• Male infertility and gonadotropin treatment: What can we learn from real-world data?

  2022cites this paper
• Comparative effectiveness of gonadotropins used for ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in France: A real-world observational study from the French nationwide claims database (SNDS).

  2022cites this paper
• Advances and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins - A Review.

  2022cites this paper
• Urinary follicle-stimulating hormone is not different than recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone on embryo quality and karyotype makeup during induction of ovulation in women with recurrent pregnancy failure

  2022cites this paper
• Visual Disturbances Due to Use of Different Synthetic Drugs for the Ovulation Induction among Females with Infertility Issues

  2022cites this paper
• Comparative Assessment of the Structural Features of Originator Recombinant Human Follitropin Alfa Versus Recombinant Human Follitropin Alfa Biosimilar Preparations Approved in Non-European Regions

  2022cites this paper
• Recombinant gonadotropin therapy to improve spermatogenesis in nonobstructive azoospermic patients – A proof of concept study

  2022cites this paper
• Satisfaction and usability of the recombinant chorionic gonadotropin prefilled pen: a survey in Italy

  2022cites this paper
• The impact of preovulatory versus midluteal serum progesterone level on live birth rates during fresh embryo transfer

  2021cites this paper
• Kontrollü Overyan Stimülasyon Protokollerinde rLH Tedaviye Eklenmeli mi?

  2021cites this paper
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Related Peptides: Candidate Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Early Stages of Sepsis

  2021cites this paper
• Comparative effectiveness of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone alfa (r-hFSH-alfa) versus highly purified urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG HP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments: a non-interventional study in Germany

  2021cites this paper
• Identification and semi-relative quantification of intact glycoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits by nano liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

  2021cites this paper
• New Human Follitropin Preparations: How Glycan Structural Differences May Affect Biochemical and Biological Function and Clinical Effect

  2021cites this paper
• Generation and use of recombinant gonadotropins in fish.

  2020cites this paper
• The Determination of Estradiol to Cumulus Oocyte Complex (COC) Number Ratio: Does it Predict the Outcomes of ART Cycles?

  2020influential citation
• Is time since vasectomy more important as prognostic factor for pregnancy and live birth than female and laboratory variables when treating vasectomised man using ICSI?

  2020cites this paper
• Real-world effectiveness of Fertistartkit® treatment in women undergoing ART in French clinical practice: a retrospective multicentre study.

  2020cites this paper
• Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for the Pharmaceutical Field: State of the Art and Perspectives

  2020cites this paper
• Current Therapeutic Options for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Assisted Reproductive Technology

  2020cites this paper
• Metabolic changes in follicular fluids of patients treated with recombinant versus urinary human chorionic gonadotropin for triggering ovulation in assisted reproductive technologies: a metabolomics pilot study

  2020cites this paper
• Human Recombinant FSH and Its Biosimilars: Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization

  2020influential citation
• Identification and semi-relative quantification of intact glycoforms by nano-LC–(Orbitrap)MS: application to the α-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone

  2020cites this paper
• Influence of human chorionic gonadotrophin during ovarian stimulation: an overview

  2020cites this paper
• Major Classes of Biotherapeutics

  2020cites this paper
• Expression Analysis of Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin in Three Host Systems: E. coli BL21C, Sf insect cell lysate and COS-1 mammalian cells

  2020cites this paper
• A quality management approach to controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology: the "Fischer protocol".

  2019cites this paper
• Improvement of techniques for sperm evaluation and cryobanking in European eel.

  2019influential citation
• Poor second ovarian stimulation in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) is associated with the production of antibodies against human follicle-stimulating hormone

  2019cites this paper
• Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study of Low-Dose Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administration Beginning From the Early Follicular Phase for Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation Using the Progesterone Protocol

  2019cites this paper
• Replacing HMG/FSH by low-dose HCG to complete corifollitropin alfa stimulation reduces cost per clinical pregnancy: a randomized pragmatic trial.

  2019cites this paper
• Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone on the Response of Ovarian Stimulation During In Vitro Fertilization Cycle in Infertile Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve : Before and After Clinical Trials

  2019cites this paper
• The Development of Gonadotropins for Clinical Use in the Treatment of Infertility

  2019cites this paper
• Pharmacogenetics of FSH Action in the Female

  2019influential citation
• Assessment of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Endometrial and Ovarian Blood Flow by Transvaginal Ultrasound Doppler

  2019influential citation
• Comparison of the outcomes of rFSH alone versus rFSH + rLH protocols in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF cycles

  2019cites this paper
• A Multicenter, Randomized, Equivalence Trial of a New Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Preparation versus Ovitrelle® for Ovulation in Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination Following Ovarian Stimulation

  2019cites this paper
• Recombinant vs purified mammal gonadotropins as maturation hormonal treatments of European eel males

  2019cites this paper
• Efficacy of Follitropin-A (Gonal-F) Versus Follitropin-B (Puregon) for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Women Undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)

  2019cites this paper
• Advance Publication by J-STAGE

  2019cites this paper
• Association Between Progesterone Elevation on the Day of Human Chronic Gonadotropin Trigger and Pregnancy Outcomes After Fresh Embryo Transfer in In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles

  2018cites this paper
• Expression and characterization of recombinant single chain beta-alpha equine chorionic gonadotropin in prokaryotic host

  2018cites this paper
• The Evolution of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Modern Approach to Ovarian Stimulation

  2018cites this paper
• Performance evaluation of immunoassay methods using innovative Westgard method decision chart/six sigma: metric tool

  2018influential citation
• Induction of superovulation in mature mice and rats using serum of spayed female dogs

  2018cites this paper
• European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology ( ESHRE ) Annual Meeting in Barcelona , Spain Chairperson :

  2018cites this paper
• Urinary Versus Recombinant Gonadotropins for Ovarian Stimulation in Women Undergoing Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technology

  2018cites this paper
• The influence of ovarian hyperstimulation drugs on morphometry and morphology of human oocytes in ICSI program.

  2018cites this paper
• Protein adsorption onto polysaccharides: Comparison of chitosan and chitin polymers.

  2018cites this paper
• Does ovarian stimulation regimen affect IVF outcome? a two-centre, real-world retrospective study using predominantly cleavage-stage, single embryo transfer.

  2018cites this paper
• Recombinant luteinizing hormone supplementation in assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review.

  2018cites this paper
• Human Luteinizing Hormone and Chorionic Gonadotropin Display Biased Agonism at the LH and LH/CG Receptors

  2017cites this paper
• RECOMBINANT HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY: THE GENERATION OF PRODUCER CELL LINES

  2017cites this paper
• The stimulating effect of thienopyrimidines structurally similar to Org 43553 on adenylate cyclase activity in the testes and on testosterone production in male rats

  2017cites this paper
• Follicle‐stimulating hormone encapsulation in the cholesterol‐modified chitosan nanoparticles via molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations

  2017cites this paper
• The effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin contained in human menopausal gonadotropin on the clinical outcomes during progestin-primed ovarian stimulation

  2017cites this paper
• Clinical utility of newly developed highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophins: a randomized controlled trial.

  2017cites this paper
• Human chorionic gonadotropin: Unknown about known

  2017influential citation
• Treatment Outcome of Ovulation-inducing Agents in Patients with Anovulatory Infertility: A Prospective, Observational Study

  2017cites this paper
• Management of Infertile Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia due to Spermatogenic Failure

  2017cites this paper
• Outcomes and Recommendations of an Indian Expert Panel for Improved Practice in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for Assisted Reproductive Technology

  2017influential citation
• Ovarian stimulation protocols for IVF: is more better than less?

  2017cites this paper
• Effect of ovarian stimulation treatments on the embryo quality in rabbit Tesis

  2016influential citation
• Diagnosis and treatment of infertility-related male hormonal dysfunction

  2016cites this paper
• Randomized, active-controlled, comparative phase 3 efficacy and safety equivalence trial of Ovaleap® (recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone) in infertile women using assisted reproduction technology (ART)

  2016cites this paper
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

  2016influential citation