The potential usefulness of taurine on diabetes mellitus and its complications

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free amino acid found ubiquitously in millimolar concentrations in all mammalian tissues. Taurine exerts a variety of biological actions, including antioxidation, modulation of ion movement, osmoregulation, modulation of neurotransmitters, and conjugation of bile acids, which may maintain physiological homeostasis. Recently, data is accumulating that show the effectiveness of taurine against diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and its complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy, independent of hypoglycemic effect in several animal models. The useful effects appear due to the multiple actions of taurine on cellular functions. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of taurine supplementation on diabetes mellitus and the molecular mechanisms underlying its effectiveness.

• Publication year

  2011

• Venue

  Amino Acids

• Publication date

  2011-03-25

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s00726-011-0883-5PMID 21437784PMCID 3325402
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• Taurine's multiple actions on cellular functions are proposed to underlie its usefulness against diabetes mellitus and related complications.

  Confidence 0.88

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• In several animal models, taurine's beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and its complications appear to be independent of any hypoglycemic effect.

  Confidence 0.92

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• Taurine supplementation is described as potentially useful for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

  Confidence 0.96

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review

• animal models

  model

  Non-human experimental systems used to examine taurine's effects on diabetes-related outcomes.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• cellular functions

  process

  Cell-level processes mentioned in the abstract, including ion movement, osmoregulation, neurotransmitter modulation, and bile acid conjugation.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• diabetes mellitus

  condition

  The metabolic disease used as the main clinical context for assessing taurine's potential usefulness.

  Aliases: diabetes

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• diabetic complications

  condition

  The secondary disorders associated with diabetes that are named in the abstract, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy.

  Aliases: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• hypoglycemic effect

  effect

  A blood-glucose-lowering effect considered as a possible mechanism or explanation for taurine's actions.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• molecular mechanisms

  mechanism

  The mechanistic pathways proposed to explain how taurine exerts its effects in diabetes and its complications.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• taurine

  compound

  A free amino acid discussed as the compound under review for potential metabolic benefits.

  Aliases: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review
• taurine supplementation

  intervention

  The use of taurine as an added dietary or experimental intervention evaluated in relation to diabetes.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewAnonymous (12632b8b5f) review

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• A role for taurine in mitochondrial function

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• Taurine depletion caused by knocking out the taurine transporter gene leads to cardiomyopathy with cardiac atrophy.

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• Taurine rescues vascular endothelial dysfunction in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: correlated with downregulation of LOX-1 and ICAM-1 expression on aortas.

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• Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in vascular disease

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• Taurine Intestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion Test in Diabetic Patients

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• Taurine Attenuates Acute Hyperglycaemia-Induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis, Leucocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions and Cardiac Dysfunction

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  2006cited by this paper
• Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) deficiency creates a vicious circle promoting obesity.

  2006cited by this paper
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  2005influential reference
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  2005cited by this paper
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  2005influential reference
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  2004cited by this paper
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  2004cited by this paper
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  2004cited by this paper
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  2004cited by this paper
• Taurine alters respiratory gas exchange and nutrient metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.

  2004cited by this paper
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  2004cited by this paper
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  2004cited by this paper
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  2003influential reference
• Hypoglycemic effects of taurine in the alloxan-treated rabbit, a model for type 1 diabetes.

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• The effect of taurine supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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• Effect of glycine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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• Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, protein glycation and elevation of membrane ion pump activity by taurine in RBC exposed to high glucose.

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• Taurine suppresses development of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits.

  2002cited by this paper
• Taurine as a constituent of mitochondrial tRNAs: new insights into the functions of taurine and human mitochondrial diseases

  2002cited by this paper
• Immunohistochemical Localization of Insulin in Pancreatic β-Cells of Taurine-Supplemented or Taurine-Depleted Diabetic Rats

  2002cited by this paper
• Dietary taurine enhances cholesterol degradation and reduces serum and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

  2002influential reference
• Chronic taurine supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and Na+K+ATPase impairment in the retina of diabetic rats

  2002cited by this paper
• Taurine modulates kallikrein activity and glucose metabolism in insulin resistant rats

  2002cited by this paper
• Distribution of twenty-four hour urinary taurine excretion and association with ischemic heart disease mortality in 24 populations of 16 countries: results from the WHO-CARDIAC study.

  2001cited by this paper
• High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-beta 1.

  2001cited by this paper
• Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

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• Depletion of taurine in experimental diabetic neuropathy: implications for nerve metabolic, vascular, and functional deficits.

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• Taurine counteracts oxidative stress and nerve growth factor deficit in early experimental diabetic neuropathy.

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• Taurine and osmoregulation: platelet taurine content, uptake, and release in type 2 diabetic patients.

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• The role of taurine in the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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• Taurine reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

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• Immunohistochemical localization of insulin in pancreatic beta-cells of taurine-supplemented or taurine-depleted diabetic rats.

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• Effects of Taurine and Vitamin E on Microalbuminuria, Plasma Metalloproteinase-9, and Serum Type IV Collagen Concentrations in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

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• Downregulation of the human taurine transporter by glucose in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells.

  1999cited by this paper
• Prevention of atherosclerotic lesion development in mice by taurine.

  1999cited by this paper
• Improving effect of dietary taurine on marked hypercholesterolemia induced by a high-cholesterol diet in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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• Cardiac actions of taurine as a modulator of the ion channels.

  1998cited by this paper
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