The proof and measurement of association between two things.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2015

• Venue

  International Journal of Epidemiology

• Publication date

  2015-09-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Philosophy, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1093/ije/dyq191PMID 21051364
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• No references are available for this paper.

• Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Impurity Effects on Thermophysical Properties in CO2-Rich Mixtures for CCUS Applications

  2026cites this paper
• Understanding vegetative and reproductive phenology in a cycad species with a wide distribution pattern: responses to the local environment

  2026cites this paper
• A causal knowledge discovery framework as an enabler for equipment prescriptive maintenance

  2026cites this paper
• Statistical reproducibility of correlation tests: Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall

  2026cites this paper
• PROGRESSLM: Towards Progress Reasoning in Vision-Language Models

  2026cites this paper
• ANALISIS POLUTAN UDARA HARIAN JAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN MANN–WHITNEY DAN KORELASI SPEARMAN

  2026cites this paper
• A psychometric assessment of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for people living with acutely-treated HIV in Thailand

  2026cites this paper
• Valorisation of PET bottle waste in mortar: experimental investigation and prediction of properties using ultrasonic analysis

  2026cites this paper
• Predictive Modeling of Oxygen Gradient in Gut-on-a-Chip Using Machine Learning and Finite Element Simulation

  2026cites this paper
• Low-Carbon Agriculture (ABC) Credit and Pasture Restoration in Minas Gerais, Brazil

  2026cites this paper
• Reassessing Extremism, Polarization, and Constraint with Continuous Policy Questions

  2026cites this paper
• Disorder-specific alterations of transient oscillatory dynamics during sleep across cortical and subcortical networks

  2026cites this paper
• Development and optimization of a morphodiversity model for mountainous areas using supervised classification and artificial neural networks

  2026cites this paper
• An ordered weighted averaging-based framework to build and select better composite indicators

  2026cites this paper
• Hierarchical multi-objective hull optimization for a cross-domain unmanned surface and glide vehicle based on Voronoï-EHVI adaptive sampling

  2026cites this paper
• On the Fuzzy Entropy and the Rankability of Data

  2026cites this paper
• Serum copper, rubidium, selenium, strontium, and zinc and psychophysical health in adults of the Sarno river Basin: PREVES-STOP 2025 community biomonitoring results

  2026cites this paper
• Dynamic and thermodynamic drivers of extreme precipitation under nonstationarity: implications for probable maximum precipitation across North America

  2026cites this paper
• Nonparametric statistical approach to wind farm siting in Poland using GIS

  2026cites this paper
• Interference-Driven Scaling Variability in Burst-Based Loopless Invasion Percolation Models of Induced Seismicity

  2026cites this paper
• Using surface drifters to characterise near-surface ocean dynamics in the southern North Sea: a data-driven approach

  2026cites this paper
• Dynamic compressive behavior of ECC with PET fine aggregate: Experimental investigation and constitutive modeling

  2026cites this paper
• Metabarcoding-based characterization of the boxwood root-zone soil microbiome

  2026cites this paper
• Integrating multivariate selection indices with weighted rank aggregation to identify drought-tolerant Populus simonii × P. nigra F1 progenies

  2026cites this paper
• How well do U.S. National Water Model short-range forecasts predict flood event timing and magnitude?

  2026cites this paper
• Confidence-based Filtering for Speech Dataset Curation with Generative Speech Enhancement Using Discrete Tokens

  2026cites this paper
• Integrating physics and machine learning for unified seismic forward modeling and reservoir property inversion

  2026cites this paper
• Toward 3D Inference and Reconstruction of Deep-Seated Alteration Zones in Orogenic Gold Deposits: Linking Surface Geochemical Data and Undercover Alteration Thickness with an End-to-End Transformer

  2026cites this paper
• Do Models Hear Like Us? Probing the Representational Alignment of Audio LLMs and Naturalistic EEG

  2026cites this paper
• Angle covariance-based independence tests for multivariate functional data

  2026cites this paper
• Explainable machine-learning-assisted failure analysis of moderately thick composite cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure

  2026cites this paper
• Semantics-Aware Spatial-Temporal Dynamic Graph Transformer Network for On-Street Parking Occupancy Prediction

  2026cites this paper
• A hybrid deep reinforcement learning approach for target allocation and routing of multiple nonholonomic vehicles

  2026cites this paper
• Mapping resilience: A framework for analysing surface-water dynamics and persistent pools in non-perennial rivers using remote sensing, rainfall and river discharge data

  2026cites this paper
• High-temperature activity coefficient prediction: Thermodynamic-Machine learning synergistic modeling of binary Mg-based alloy system at 500 °C

  2026cites this paper
• Bridging sanitary surveys and microbial evidence: Advancing recreational water risk assessment through community-based microbial source-tracking

  2026cites this paper
• Most disease gene variants show minimal population differentiation despite incomplete coverage

  2026cites this paper
• Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of atmospheric pollutants in the U-Chang-Shi urban agglomeration, Northwestern China

  2026cites this paper
• An Integrated Fuzzy Group Decision-Making Approach for Optimal Hydroelectric Power Plant Site Selection in Support of Rural Development

  2026cites this paper
• EvolMem: A Cognitive-Driven Benchmark for Multi-Session Dialogue Memory

  2026cites this paper
• Deciphering the Transcriptomic Signatures of Aging Across Organs in Mice

  2026cites this paper
• PII-VisBench: Evaluating Personally Identifiable Information Safety in Vision Language Models Along a Continuum of Visibility

  2026cites this paper
• Recent hydroclimate changes in a tropical-subtropical Andean-lowland transitional region (1981–2024): Implications to Pilcomayo River

  2026cites this paper
• In vitro evaluation of azole fungicide sensitivity in Fusarium langsethiae, F. tricinctum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides populations from Irish oats.

  2026cites this paper
• Robust multi-scale LSTM for reliable and intelligent photovoltaic power forecasting

  2026cites this paper
• Improving CMA-ES Convergence Speed, Efficiency, and Reliability in Noisy Robot Optimization Problems

  2026cites this paper
• Temporal and Spatial Variation Pattern of Groundwater Storage and Response to Environmental Changes in Shandong Province

  2026cites this paper
• Trade-off between yield and carbon storage in Nepali coffee agroforestry

  2026cites this paper
• Convolutions Need Registers Too: HVS-Inspired Dynamic Attention for Video Quality Assessment

  2026cites this paper
• Enhancing Hydrologic Model Performance in a Data-Scarce Basin Using Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Data

  2026cites this paper
• Real Knowledge Is to Know the Extent of One’s Ignorance

  2026cites this paper
• Replicating the unconscious working memory effect: a multisite Registered Report

  2026cites this paper
• Translation as a Scalable Proxy for Multilingual Evaluation

  2026cites this paper
• PREFAB: PREFerence-based Affective Modeling for Low-Budget Self-Annotation

  2026cites this paper
• ARFT-Transformer: Modeling Metric Dependencies for Cross-Project Aging-Related Bug Prediction

  2026cites this paper
• Glass formation in hybrid metal halides via breaking molecular rotational order

  2026cites this paper
• Winter Cereal Re-Sowing and Land-Use Sustainability in the Foothill Zones of Southern Kazakhstan Based on Sentinel-2 Data

  2026cites this paper
• Characterisation of Underground Organs as a Basis for Estimating Rhizome Resprouting Potential: The Case Study of Two Invasive Reynoutria Taxa (Polygonaceae)

  2026cites this paper
• Quantitative Study of Damage State Correlation for Structural Components under Seismic Actions: A Bridge Pier Case Study

  2026cites this paper
• Correlation Between Health Beliefs and Mask-Wearing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2026cites this paper
• Response of a shallow water reservoir to anthropogenic stressors: implications for the water supply of lake velence, a major recreational lake in Hungary

  2026cites this paper
• Day-ahead power forecasting of self-cleaning nanocoated and conventional rooftop PV systems using SHAP-RFE-MCCV feature selection and deep learning

  2026cites this paper
• Regional variability of drought-crop sensitivities across Iowa using unsupervised learning

  2026cites this paper
• Understanding High Schools’ Effects on Longer-Term Outcomes

  2026cites this paper
• Optimal driver nodes in scale-free networks based on the spectral properties of the B matrix-sum of the Laplacian and the control matrices

  2026cites this paper
• Quantification of grain rotation in bulk nanostructured copper via in situ heating white beam synchrotron X-ray diffraction

  2026cites this paper
• Model-based optimal experimental design for lithium-ion battery aging: Insights from a comprehensive multi-stage study with real-world data

  2026cites this paper
• Developing a novel topographic-based precision restoration framework for Drylands Ecosystems

  2026cites this paper
• Rank-based combination independence tests for high-dimensional data

  2026cites this paper
• Performance Evaluation of Leap Motion Controller for Hand Motion Assessment

  2026cites this paper
• Climate-driven evolution of global wind-solar complementarity for hybrid energy systems (1940–2024)

  2026cites this paper
• A trend-based ecological indicator framework for spatially classifying ocean acidification risk to global coral reefs

  2026cites this paper
• Impacts of surface and groundwater variations on vegetation changes in natural desert oases, Keriya River Basin, Taklimakan Desert, northwestern China

  2026cites this paper
• An Adaptive Multi-Scale Graph and Seasonal Decomposition LSTM Framework for Accurate Wastewater Effluent Forecasting

  2026cites this paper
• Climbing the ladder: a ranking approach to burnout prediction

  2026cites this paper
• DepFlow: Disentangled Speech Generation to Mitigate Semantic Bias in Depression Detection

  2026cites this paper
• Surprisal and Metaphor Novelty Judgments: Moderate Correlations and Divergent Scaling Effects Revealed by Corpus-Based and Synthetic Datasets

  2026cites this paper
• DatBench: Discriminative, Faithful, and Efficient VLM Evaluations

  2026cites this paper
• A Fuzzy Group Decision-Making Framework for Sustainability-Oriented Supplier Selection to Support Resource-Efficient Manufacturing Processes

  2026cites this paper
• Decoupling the Effect of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Human Label Variation Perspective

  2026influential citation
• Unlocking insights: assessing the quality of conventional and image-based responses on books at home in an online mobile survey

  2026cites this paper
• How Do Large Language Models Learn Concepts During Continual Pre-Training?

  2026cites this paper
• Lived experience of spontaneous preterm birth following spontaneous preterm labor: the primary caregiver’s perspective

  2026cites this paper
• Identification of crucial socioeconomic driving factors impacting pollution loads and their scenarios analysis in a typical watershed, southwestern China

  2026cites this paper
• Diet chemistry and cross-kingdom microbiota associate with black soldier fly larvae performance on regional side streams

  2026cites this paper
• Phytoplankton With Flexible Pigment Content Disadvantaged by Projected Future Decrease in Variability of the Ocean Light Spectrum

  2026influential citation
• An Integrated FAHP–IF-COPRAS Approach for Evaluating Airport Sustainability Performance in Türkiye

  2026cites this paper
• Quality of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy

  2026influential citation
• Early detection of vegetation stress in Nairobi national park: structural change analysis from 2005 to 2025

  2026cites this paper
• Renewing the theoretical framework of intensity correlation analysis to evaluate blood-brain barrier permeability with spectral fluorescence microscopy in mice

  2026cites this paper
• Spatial Interactions Govern Tectonic Tremor Activities in the Nankai Trough: A Statistical Approach for Spatiotemporal Pattern Modeling and Anomaly Detection

  2026cites this paper
• The effects of specific and common variance on test–retest and self-other correlations: Another perspective on personality nuances

  2026cites this paper
• Pervasive Annotation Errors Break Text-to-SQL Benchmarks and Leaderboards

  2026cites this paper
• Spatial Covariance Constraints for Gaussian Mixture Models

  2026cites this paper
• Microbial Spoilage Profiles of Chicken Breast Stored at 4°C Assessed by MALDI-TOF MS

  2026influential citation
• Practicality-enhanced behind-the-meter PV power generation disaggregation based on synchronization and transferability fused LSTM framework

  2026cites this paper
• Development and Evaluation of Television Media-Based Educational Game Framework for Materials Science and Engineering Education

  2026cites this paper
• Vermetid bioconstructions along the Ionian coast of Apulia, Italy

  2026cites this paper
• Assessing Nursing Students' 21st Century Skills and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning

  2026cites this paper
• Prediction of surface pressure distributions of non-parametric airfoils using geometric deep learning methods

  2026cites this paper