Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2003

• Venue

  Toxicon

• Publication date

  2003-04-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00393-8PMID 12676433
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Annex 4 Guidelines on viral inactivation and removal procedures intended to assure the viral safety of human blood plasma products

  2003cited by this paper
• An in vivo but insensate model for the evaluation of antivenoms (ED(50)) using fertile hens' eggs.

  2001cited by this paper
• Production of potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapid venoms using a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization protocol.

  2001cited by this paper
• Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

  2000cited by this paper
• WHO/SEARO Guidelines for the clinical management of snake bites in the Southeast Asian region.

  1999influential reference
• Serotherapy in scorpion envenomation: a randomised controlled trial.

  1999cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled Walterinnesia aegyptia venom and its distribution of the venom and its toxin versus slow absorption and distribution of IGG, F(AB')2 and F(AB) of the antivenin.

  1998cited by this paper
• Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation.

  1998cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab fractions of scorpion and snake antivenins: merits and potential for therapeutic use.

  1998cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled Walterinnesia aegyptia venom and its specific antivenins : Flash absorption and distribution of the venom and its toxin versus slow absorption and distribution of IgG, F(AB')2 and F(ab) of the antivenin

  1998cited by this paper
• Immunoglobulin G and F(ab')2 polyvalent antivenoms do not differ in their ability to neutralize hemorrhage, edema and myonecrosis induced by Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snake venom.

  1997cited by this paper
• Production of highly potent horse antivenom against the Thai cobra (Naja kaouthia).

  1997cited by this paper
• The use of synthetic peptides can be a misleading approach to generate vaccines against scorpion toxins.

  1995cited by this paper
• Snake antivenoms from hyperimmunized horses: comparison of the antivenom activity and biological properties of their whole IgG and F(ab')2 fragments.

  1994cited by this paper
• Purification of F(ab')2 anti-snake venom by caprylic acid: a fast method for obtaining IgG fragments with high neutralization activity, purity and yield.

  1989cited by this paper
• Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom.

  1983influential reference
• Progress in the characterization of venoms and standardization of antivenoms.

  1981cited by this paper
• Progress in the characterization of venoms and standardization of antivenoms: 44 pp. Geneva: WHO Offset Publication No. 58 (1981)

  1981cited by this paper
• Snakebite mortality in the world.

  1954cited by this paper

• Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract mitigates lambda-cyhalothrin-induced thyroid dysfunction via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, and Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathways in mice.

  2026cites this paper
• A Novel Equine F[abʹ]2 Veterinary Antivenom for North American Viperid Snake Envenomation Demonstrates Efficacy by Rapid Serum Venom Removal and Improvement in Snakebite Severity Score

  2026cites this paper
• Evaluation of a nanostructured CpG-ODN/ascorbyl palmitate as a safe and effective adjuvant for anticrotalic PLA2 serum.

  2025cites this paper
• Changes in regulatory requirements for potency testing of snake antivenom in Korea.

  2025cites this paper
• Characterization of the lambda light chain repertoire and non-coding regions of equine immunoglobulins using the EquCab3 genome.

  2025cites this paper
• Investigation of paraspecific effects of polyvalent snake antivenom on the venom of three vipers (Vipera berus berus; Linnaeus 1758, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes; Linnaeus, 1758 and Montivipera raddei; Boettger, 1890).

  2025cites this paper
• The saga of the development of laboratory tests to evaluate the neutralizing efficacy of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming.

  2025cites this paper
• Kraits of Indian subcontinent: Natural History, Risks, Venom Variation, Lethality and Treatment Strategies - A comprehensive review.

  2025cites this paper
• Biochemical Studies on the Therapeutic Effect of Naja nubiae Venom Against Melamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

  2025cites this paper
• Retrospective analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chinese cobra bites in a South China emergency department

  2025cites this paper
• A dose scaling antivenin protocol in treatment of Daboia palaestinae envenomation may reduce morbidity and costs

  2025cites this paper
• The Role of Snake Venom Proteins in Inducing Inflammation Post-Envenomation: An Overview on Mechanistic Insights and Treatment Strategies

  2024cites this paper
• 21st century Latin American synthetic peptides for their application in antivenom production

  2024cites this paper
• Improving in vivo assays in snake venom and antivenom research: A community discussion

  2024cites this paper
• Evaluation of the immunoprotective power of a multiple antigenic peptide against Aah II toxin of Androctonus australis hector scorpion

  2024cites this paper
• Development and evaluation of a recombinant multi-epitopic protein (TsMEP) as an antigen candidate for Tityus serrulatus antivenom production.

  2024cites this paper
• Mitigating Acetaminophen-Induced Kidney Injury: The Protective Role of Grape Seed and Peanut Skin Extracts through the iNOS/CYP2E1 Pathway

  2024cites this paper
• Development and Efficacy of the Antivenom Specific to Severe Envenomations in Morocco and North Africa: Advancements in Scorpion Envenomation Management

  2024cites this paper
• Age Is Just a Number: Ontogenetic Conservation in Activation of Blood Clotting Factors VII, X, and XII by Caucasus Blunt-Nosed Viper (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa) Venoms

  2024cites this paper
• Clinical effects of immunization, bleeding, and albumin-based fluid therapy in horses used as immunoglobulin source to produce a polyspecific antivenom (Echitab-plus-ICP) towards venoms of African snakes

  2023cites this paper
• Inhibition of phospholipase A2 from Naja haje and Naja nigricollis venoms by active fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves: in vitro and in silico methods

  2023cites this paper
• Potential low-impact immunogen for the production of anti-bothropic serum: Bothrops alternatus venom treated with Na2EDTA.

  2023cites this paper
• Production of recombinant scorpion antivenoms in E. coli: current state and perspectives

  2023cites this paper
• Bothrops (Fer-de-lance) snakebites in the French departments of the Americas (Martinique and Guyana): Clinical and experimental studies and treatment by immunotherapy

  2023cites this paper
• Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Snake Envenomation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges

  2023cites this paper
• Hormonal alterations elicited by the scorpion venom of Scorpio maurus palmatus, in vivo study

  2023cites this paper
• P20-02: Discovery of nanobodies against metalloproteases from Bothrops snake venoms

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of Adjuvant and Immunization Route on Antibody Responses against Naja Naja oxiana Venom.

  2023cites this paper
• Use of adjuvant ISA VG 71 to produce neutralizing egg yolk antibodies against bothropic venom

  2023cites this paper
• Effect of antivenom therapy on serum venom levels in ViperidaeÓ?s family snakebite cases in Mexico

  2023cites this paper
• Characterization and Evaluation of the Effects of Indigofera pulchra, Aristolochia albida and Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract Phenolics against the Activity of Naja nigricollis and Echis ocellatus Snake Venoms

  2022cites this paper
• Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of scorpion venom in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

  2022cites this paper
• Centaur antibodies: Engineered chimeric equine-human recombinant antibodies

  2022cites this paper
• Roughness of Production Conditions: Does It Really Affect Stability of IgG-Based Antivenoms?

  2022cites this paper
• Cellular Immunity in Mice Vaccinated with Recombinant Phospholipase D Toxoid of Hemiscorpius lepturus Scorpion

  2022cites this paper
• Antivenoms, hepatitis B vaccine and oral polio vaccine can be considered for storage and handling outside the cold chain following the innovative 'controlled temperature chain' approach.

  2022cites this paper
• Antivenom: An immunotherapy for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa.

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluation of lethality and cytotoxic effects induced by Naja ashei (large brown spitting cobra) venom and the envenomation-neutralizing efficacy of selected commercial antivenoms in Kenya

  2022cites this paper
• Adverse reactions to four types of monovalent antivenom used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming in South China.

  2022cites this paper
• Type I ABO discrepancy due to missing antibody attributable to anti-snake venom in two patients: A rare presentation.

  2022cites this paper
• Snakebite Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Recommendations for Clinical Practice

  2022cites this paper
• Epidemiology of snake envenomation from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

  2021cites this paper
• Reports of Doses Administered and Adverse Reactions to Snake Antivenom Used in Uruguay in 2018

  2021cites this paper
• Therapeutic plasma exchange for envenomation: Is it reasonable?

  2021cites this paper
• Scorpion Stings in Saudi Arabia: An Overview

  2021influential citation
• A TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PRACTICE IN SNAKEBITE

  2021cites this paper
• Moringa oleifera leaf fractions attenuated Naje haje venom-induced cellular dysfunctions via modulation of Nrf2 and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats

  2021influential citation
• Fab Fragment of Immunoglobulin Y Modulates NF-κB and MAPK Signaling through TLR4 and αVβ3 Integrin and Inhibits the Inflammatory Effect on R264.7 Macrophages.

  2021cites this paper
• Pathology-specific experimental antivenoms for haemotoxic snakebite: The impact of immunogen diversity on the in vitro cross-reactivity and in vivo neutralisation of geographically diverse snake venoms

  2021cites this paper
• Toxicity and protein composition of venoms of Hottentotta saulcyi, Hottentotta schach and Androctonus crassicauda, three scorpion species collected in Iran

  2021cites this paper
• Proteomics, toxicity and antivenom neutralization of Sri Lankan and Indian Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) venoms

  2021cites this paper
• The Geographic Distribution, Venom Components, Pathology and Treatments of Stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Venom

  2021cites this paper
• Engineering of single-domain antibodies for next generation snakebite antivenoms.

  2021cites this paper
• Toxicosis of Snake, Scorpion, Honeybee, Spider, and Wasp Venoms: Part 1

  2021cites this paper
• Grading and Envenomation of the Snake Bite among the Emergency Cases in a Medical College in Rural India

  2021cites this paper
• A phase IV, prospective, observational study of the clinical safety of snake antivenoms

  2021cites this paper
• A prokaryote system optimization for rMEPLox expression: A promising non-toxic antigen for Loxosceles antivenom production.

  2021cites this paper
• Naja nubiae venom ameliorate hepatorenal toxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats

  2021cites this paper
• Retrospective comparison of three antivenoms for the treatment of dogs with crotalid envenomation.

  2021cites this paper
• Self-assembled nanocarriers as biotechnology approach to antivenom immunotherapy

  2021cites this paper
• PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS POR ACIDENTES DE ANIMAIS PEÇONHENTOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARIQUEMES-RO ENTRE 2010 A 2018

  2020cites this paper
• Inhibition of Snake Venom Enzymes and Antivenom Adjuvant Effects of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Leaf Extracts

  2020cites this paper
• Current Knowledge on Snake Dry Bites

  2020cites this paper
• Isolation of Polyclonal Single-Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Antibodies Against Venomous Snakes of Iran and Evaluation of Their Capability in Neutralizing the Venom

  2020cites this paper
• Phospholipase A2 from Naja nigricollis and Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. (Burseraceae)

  2020cites this paper
• Plants Used in Antivenom Therapy in Rural Kenya: Ethnobotany and Future Perspectives

  2020cites this paper
• Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Accidents by Venomous Animals in Mâncio Lima, a Western Amazonian City

  2020cites this paper
• Toxinology provides multidirectional and multidimensional opportunities: A personal perspective

  2020cites this paper
• Complete neutralization of the lethality of Hemiscorpius lepturus crude venom by a novel anti-recombinant phospholipase D1 IgGs.

  2020cites this paper
• Neotropical Rattlesnake (Crotalus simus) Venom Pharmacokinetics in Lymph and Blood Using an Ovine Model

  2020cites this paper
• Retrospective analysis of symptoms and outcomes of snakebite cases

  2020cites this paper
• Immunological Skin Reaction and Compartment Syndrome Due to Snake Bite: A Case Report

  2020cites this paper
• Development of a cell-based in vitro assay as a possible alternative for determining bothropic antivenom potency.

  2019cites this paper
• Pharmacovigilance of Antivenoms in Toxicological Emergencies

  2019cites this paper
• A Clinico-Epidemiological Study on Snakebite among Children in a Rural Medical College and Hospital

  2019cites this paper
• Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae Envenomation in 123 Horses: Treatment and Efficacy of Antivenom Administration

  2019influential citation
• The Urgent Need to Develop Novel Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Snakebites

  2019cites this paper
• STUDY THE IMPACT OF ANTIVENOM OF Echis carinatus SNAKE ON BLOOD PARAMETER, ENZYMES AND SEX HORMONES PARAMETERS IN WISTER AlBINO MALE RATS

  2019cites this paper
• Identification of Venom-Specific Fingerprints of Clinically Relevant Uruguayan Snakes by MALDI-TOF

  2019cites this paper
• Antivenin plants used for treatment of snakebites in Uganda: ethnobotanical reports and pharmacological evidences

  2019cites this paper
• Morphological alterations caused by manual venom extraction on the main venom gland of Bothrops asper and Crotalus simus snakes (Serpentes: Viperidae): Long-term implications for antivenom production.

  2019cites this paper
• IgY‐based antivenom against Bothrops alternatus: Production and neutralization efficacy

  2019cites this paper
• The WHO strategy for prevention and control of snakebite envenoming: a sub-Saharan Africa plan

  2019cites this paper
• Comparative study of the in vivo toxicity and pathophysiology of envenomation by three medically important Egyptian snake venoms

  2019cites this paper
• Renal and vascular effects of kallikrein inhibition in a model of Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury

  2019cites this paper
• Translational Toxinology: Venom to Antivenom

  2018cites this paper
• Determination of median effective dose (ED50) of scorpion antivenom against scorpion envenomation using a newly developed formula

  2018cites this paper
• Snake Bites in Colombia

  2018cites this paper
• Process for production and purification of Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Factor (LTNF) from E. coli and its economic analysis.

  2018cites this paper
• Current technology for the industrial manufacture of snake antivenoms

  2018cites this paper
• Characterization of Chicken-Derived Single Chain Antibody Fragments against Venom of Naja Naja Atra

  2018cites this paper
• Antivenom therapy: efficacy of premedication for the prevention of adverse reactions

  2018cites this paper
• Development of a new approach of immunotherapy against scorpion envenoming: Avian IgYs an alternative to equine IgGs

  2018cites this paper
• Production of a Human Recombinant Polyclonal Fab Antivenom against Iranian Viper Echis carinatus.

  2018influential citation
• Yılan ısırması olgularının yönetimi

  2018cites this paper
• What can be learned in the snake antivenom field from the developments in human plasma derived products?

  2018cites this paper
• Snakebites in French Guiana: Conclusions of an international symposium.

  2018cites this paper
• Comparative toxicological characterization of venoms of Cerastes cerastes and Macrovipera mauritanica from Morocco and neutralization by monospecific antivenoms

  2018cites this paper
• Development of a Simple Permeability Assay Method for Snake Venom-induced Vascular Damage

  2018cites this paper
• Magnetic hydrophobic‐charge induction adsorbents for the recovery of immunoglobulins from antiserum feedstocks by high‐gradient magnetic fishing

  2018cites this paper