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Building Participatory Institutions in Latin America

Lindsay Mayka

Published 2019 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s, the developing world has been the site of bold experiments to open up the policy process to citizen participation. Participatory policymaking institutions are formal, institutional spaces that involve citizens or civil society groups in formulating, deciding on, and/or overseeing the implementation of public policy. Dozens of countries – from the Philippines to Uganda to the DominicanRepublic – have adopted national laws requiring subnational governments to establish participatory institutions. Even authoritarian regimes, such as those in China and Rwanda, have instituted participatory mandates as a means of improving service delivery. International donors, such as USAID and the World Bank, embrace participatory policymaking as a “best practice” in their efforts to amplify the impact of antipoverty programs; between 1990–2007, the World Bank spent roughly $87 billion in support of participatory governance in developing countries (Mansuri and Rao 2013, 15, 44). Latin America has emerged as the vanguard of participatory policymaking, with 17 of 18 countries in the region creating national participatory frameworks. Latin American countries adopted these mandates after transitions from authoritarian rule in the 1980s as part of broader reforms to decentralize governance and make democratic institutions more inclusive. For example, national laws in Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico require local governments to establish planning councils that engage underrepresented groups – such as the urban poor, women’s

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