A Pilot Study of IL-2Rα Blockade during Lymphopenia Depletes Regulatory T-cells and Correlates with Enhanced Immunity in Patients with Glioblastoma

Background Preclinical studies in mice have demonstrated that the prophylactic depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (TRegs) through targeting the high affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2Rα/CD25) can enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, therapeutic approaches are complicated by the inadvertent inhibition of IL-2Rα expressing anti-tumor effector T-cells. Objective To determine if changes in the cytokine milieu during lymphopenia may engender differential signaling requirements that would enable unarmed anti-IL-2Rα monoclonal antibody (MAbs) to selectively deplete TRegs while permitting vaccine-stimulated immune responses. Methodology A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study was undertaken to examine the ability of the anti-IL-2Rα MAb daclizumab, given at the time of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) targeted peptide vaccination, to safely and selectively deplete TRegs in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) treated with lymphodepleting temozolomide (TMZ). Results and Conclusions Daclizumab treatment (n = 3) was well-tolerated with no symptoms of autoimmune toxicity and resulted in a significant reduction in the frequency of circulating CD4+Foxp3+ TRegs in comparison to saline controls (n = 3)( p = 0.0464). A significant (p<0.0001) inverse correlation between the frequency of TRegs and the level of EGFRvIII specific humoral responses suggests the depletion of TRegs may be linked to increased vaccine-stimulated humoral immunity. These data suggest this approach deserves further study. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00626015

• Publication year

  2012

• Venue

  PLoS ONE

• Publication date

  2012-02-27

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031046PMID 22383993PMCID 3288003
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Thymus-derived rather than tumor-induced regulatory T cells predominate in brain tumors.

  2011cited by this paper
• Greater chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia enhances tumor-specific immune responses that eliminate EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells in patients with glioblastoma.

  2011cited by this paper
• Monoclonal antibody blockade of IL-2 receptor α during lymphopenia selectively depletes regulatory T cells in mice and humans.

  2011cited by this paper
• An IL-2 Paradox: Blocking CD25 on T Cells Induces IL-2–Driven Activation of CD56bright NK Cells

  2010cited by this paper
• Foxp3+ T cells induce perforin-dependent dendritic cell death in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

  2010cited by this paper
• Immunologic escape after prolonged progression-free survival with epidermal growth factor receptor variant III peptide vaccination in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

  2010cited by this paper
• Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Combination with Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment: A Phase I/II Study in Metastatic Melanoma Patients

  2010influential reference
• Glia-specific antigens in cell cultures from rabbit brain, human foetal and adult brain, and gliomas.

  2009cited by this paper
• An epidermal growth factor receptor variant III–targeted vaccine is safe and immunogenic in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

  2009cited by this paper
• Partial Reduction of Human FOXP3+ CD4 T Cells In Vivo After CD25-directed Recombinant Immunotoxin Administration

  2008cited by this paper
• Reciprocal CD4+ T-Cell Balance of Effector CD62Llow CD4+ and CD62LhighCD25+ CD4+ Regulatory T Cells in Small Cell Lung Cancer Reflects Disease Stage

  2008cited by this paper
• Immunological responses in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme treated with sequential courses of temozolomide and immunotherapy: case study.

  2008cited by this paper
• Cytomegalovirus immunity after vaccination with autologous glioblastoma lysate.

  2008cited by this paper
• Treg Depletion Inhibits Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy: Implications for Clinical Trials

  2008influential reference
• Detection of humoral response in patients with glioblastoma receiving EGFRvIII-KLH vaccines.

  2008cited by this paper
• Sensitive detection of human cytomegalovirus in tumors and peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma.

  2008cited by this paper
• Limited tumor infiltration by activated T effector cells restricts the therapeutic activity of regulatory T cell depletion against established melanoma

  2008cited by this paper
• Detection of human cytomegalovirus in different histological types of gliomas

  2008cited by this paper
• Depletion of human regulatory T cells specifically enhances antigen-specific immune responses to cancer vaccines.

  2008cited by this paper
• Identification of their epitope reveals the structural basis for the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive antibodies basiliximab and daclizumab.

  2007cited by this paper
• Vaccination against the forkhead family transcription factor Foxp3 enhances tumor immunity.

  2007cited by this paper
• Systemic CTLA-4 Blockade Ameliorates Glioma-Induced Changes to the CD4+ T Cell Compartment without Affecting Regulatory T-Cell Function

  2007cited by this paper
• Administration of a CD25-Directed Immunotoxin, LMB-2, to Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Induces a Selective Partial Reduction in Regulatory T Cells In Vivo1

  2007cited by this paper
• Hematopoietic stem cells promote the expansion and function of adoptively transferred antitumor CD8 T cells.

  2007cited by this paper
• CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Suppress NK Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy of Cancer1

  2006cited by this paper
• Skin reactions in a subset of patients with stage IV melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 monoclonal antibody as a single agent.

  2006cited by this paper
• HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.

  2006cited by this paper
• Control of natural killer ( NK ) cell functions by CD 4 CD 25 regulatory T cells

  2006cited by this paper
• Cutting Edge: Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Injection Results in the Functional Inactivation, Not Depletion, of CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells1

  2006cited by this paper
• Increased regulatory T-cell fraction amidst a diminished CD4 compartment explains cellular immune defects in patients with malignant glioma.

  2006cited by this paper
• The pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is recruited at the synapse between dying and dendritic cells, and edits the cross-presentation of self, viral, and tumor antigens.

  2006cited by this paper
• Cancer immunotherapy using dendritic/tumour‐fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti‐nuclear antibody with better clinical responses

  2006cited by this paper
• Systemic Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Administration Safely Enhances Immunity in Murine Glioma without Eliminating Regulatory T Cells

  2006cited by this paper
• The biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy and vaccine design

  2006cited by this paper
• Interleukin-2 signals during priming are required for secondary expansion of CD8+ memory T cells

  2006cited by this paper
• Cranking the immunologic engine with chemotherapy: using context to drive tumor antigen cross-presentation towards useful antitumor immunity.

  2006cited by this paper
• Antigen-specific T-cell-mediated immunity after HIV-1 infection: implications for vaccine control of HIV development

  2006cited by this paper
• Molecular detection of EGFRvIII-positive cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients.

  2006cited by this paper
• Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy

  2006cited by this paper
• High-resolution global genomic survey of 178 gliomas reveals novel regions of copy number alteration and allelic imbalances.

  2006cited by this paper
• Activated CD4+CD25+ T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes.

  2006cited by this paper
• Selective Elimination of Human Regulatory T Lymphocytes In Vitro With the Recombinant Immunotoxin LMB-2

  2006cited by this paper
• Influence of methotrexate, TNF blockers and prednisolone on antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

  2006cited by this paper
• Cross-priming of T cells to intracranial tumor antigens elicits an immune response that fails in the effector phase but can be augmented with local immunotherapy.

  2006cited by this paper
• Accelerated Memory Cell Homeostasis during T Cell Depletion and Approaches to Overcome It

  2006cited by this paper
• Impact of corticosteroids on the immune response to a MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in elderly COPD-patients.

  2006cited by this paper
• Tumor-specific peptide vaccination in newly-diagnosed patients with GBM.

  2006cited by this paper
• Daclizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody to the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25), for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging trial

  2006cited by this paper
• Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis.

  2006cited by this paper
• Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFRvIII) Contributes to Head and Neck Cancer Growth and Resistance to EGFR Targeting

  2006cited by this paper
• Inefficient Cross-Presentation Limits the CD8+ T Cell Response to a Subdominant Tumor Antigen Epitope1

  2005cited by this paper
• Prognostic Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients

  2005cited by this paper
• The response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutated neoantigens.

  2005cited by this paper
• Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Glioblastoma Patients Induces Systemic and Intracranial T-cell Responses Modulated by the Local Central Nervous System Tumor Microenvironment

  2005cited by this paper
• Coexpression, prognostic significance and predictive value of EGFR, EGFRvIII and phosphorylated EGFR in colorectal cancer.

  2005cited by this paper
• Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells.

  2005cited by this paper
• CD8+ T Cell Immunity Against a Tumor/Self-Antigen Is Augmented by CD4+ T Helper Cells and Hindered by Naturally Occurring T Regulatory Cells

  2005cited by this paper
• Intraepithelial CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a high CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio are associated with favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer.

  2005cited by this paper
• Homeostatic maintenance of natural Foxp3 + CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by interleukin (IL)-2 and induction of autoimmune disease by IL-2 neutralization

  2005cited by this paper
• MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma.

  2005cited by this paper
• Leveraging the activity of tumor vaccines with cytotoxic chemotherapy.

  2005cited by this paper
• Inability of a Fusion Protein of IL-2 and Diphtheria Toxin (Denileukin Diftitox, DAB389IL-2, ONTAK) to Eliminate Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients With Melanoma

  2005cited by this paper
• humanized antibody

  2005cited by this paper
• Cost of brain tumour in Europe

  2005cited by this paper
• Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells

  2005cited by this paper
• Corticosterone impairs MHC class I antigen presentation by dendritic cells via reduction of peptide generation.

  2005cited by this paper
• Characterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection.

  2005cited by this paper
• Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cross-Presentation of Antigens Derived from Colon Carcinoma Cells Exposed to a Highly Cytotoxic Multidrug Regimen with Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin, Elicits a Powerful Human Antigen-Specific CTL Response with Antitumor Activity in Vitro1

  2005cited by this paper
• Development and function of agonist-induced CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the absence of interleukin 2 signaling

  2005cited by this paper
• Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockage can induce autoimmune hypophysitis in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer.

  2005cited by this paper
• Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma.

  2005cited by this paper
• Regulatory T Cells Suppress CD8+ T Cell Responses Induced by Direct Priming and Cross-Priming and Moderate Immunodominance Disparities

  2005cited by this paper
• Persistence of Multiple Tumor-Specific T-Cell Clones Is Associated with Complete Tumor Regression in a Melanoma Patient Receiving Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy

  2005cited by this paper
• Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4.

  2005cited by this paper
• Fueling regulation: IL-2 keeps CD4+ Treg cells fit

  2005cited by this paper
• Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma.

  2005cited by this paper
• Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval Summary: Temozolomide Plus Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

  2005cited by this paper
• Identification of EGFRvIII-derived CTL Epitopes Restricted by HLA A0201 for Dendritic Cell Based Immunotherapy of Gliomas

  2005cited by this paper
• A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells

  2005cited by this paper
• Transfer of a TCR Gene Derived from a Patient with a Marked Antitumor Response Conveys Highly Active T-Cell Effector Functions

  2005cited by this paper
• Cutting Edge: Direct Suppression of B Cells by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells1

  2005cited by this paper
• Concomitant Tumor Immunity to a Poorly Immunogenic Melanoma Is Prevented by Regulatory T Cells

  2004cited by this paper
• Immune Responses of Breast Cancer Patients to Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF-RvIII, ΔEGF-R, and de2–7 EGF-R)1

  2004cited by this paper
• Selective CD4+ lymphopenia in melanoma patients treated with temozolomide: a toxicity with therapeutic implications.

  2004cited by this paper
• TNF-alpha coupled to membrane of apoptotic cells favors the cross-priming to melanoma antigens.

  2004cited by this paper
• Vaccination of Glioma Patients with Fusions of Dendritic and Glioma Cells and Recombinant Human Interleukin 12

  2004cited by this paper
• Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2

  2004cited by this paper
• Inhibition of the Type III Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant Mutant Receptor by Dominant-Negative EGFR-CD533 Enhances Malignant Glioma Cell Radiosensitivity

  2004cited by this paper
• Immunogenity of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in COPD patients. The effect of systemic steroids.

  2004cited by this paper
• Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor displays increased signaling through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT pathway and promotes radioresistance in cells of astrocytic origin

  2004cited by this paper
• Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival

  2004cited by this paper
• Antigen Bias in T Cell Cross-Priming

  2004cited by this paper
• Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta.

  2004cited by this paper
• Radiation-induced activation of a common variant of EGFR confers enhanced radioresistance.

  2004cited by this paper
• Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

  2003cited by this paper
• An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells

  2003cited by this paper
• Interleukin 7 and T cell receptor signals regulate homeostasis of CD4 memory cells

  2003cited by this paper
• Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory T cells

  2003cited by this paper
• Suppression of EGFRvIII‐mediated proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by ribozyme

  2003cited by this paper
• Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma

  2003cited by this paper

• Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy

  2026cites this paper
• Antisense targeting of FOXP3+ Tregs to boost anti-tumor immunity

  2024cites this paper
• Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

  2024cites this paper
• Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy

  2024cites this paper
• Acquisition of suppressive function by conventional T cells limits anti-tumor immunity upon Treg depletion

  2023cites this paper
• Glutamine supplementation attenuates intestinal apoptosis by inducing heat shock protein 70 in heatstroke rats.

  2023cites this paper
• CD103+ regulatory T cells underlie resistance to radio-immunotherapy and impair CD8+ T cell activation in glioblastoma

  2023cites this paper
• A Holistic Approach to Hard-to-Treat Cancers: The Future of Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma, Triple Negative Breast Cancer, and Advanced Prostate Cancer

  2023influential citation
• Harnessing type I interferon-mediated immunity to target malignant brain tumors

  2023cites this paper
• Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy

  2022cites this paper
• Harnessing cytokines and chemokines for cancer therapy

  2022cites this paper
• Recent Advances in Glioma Cancer Treatment: Conventional and Epigenetic Realms

  2022cites this paper
• Is There a Role for Immunotherapy in Central Nervous System Cancers?

  2022cites this paper
• Optimizing T Cell-Based Therapy for Glioblastoma

  2021cites this paper
• New Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma

  2021cites this paper
• The Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells: Challenges and Opportunities

  2021cites this paper
• Next-generation immunotherapy: regulatory T-cells

  2021cites this paper
• Challenging Hurdles of Current Targeting in Glioblastoma: A Focus on Immunotherapeutic Strategies

  2021cites this paper
• Temozolomide treatment outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy in brain tumor

  2020cites this paper
• IDH-mutant gliomas harbor fewer regulatory T cells in humans and mice

  2020cites this paper
• Randomized Controlled Immunotherapy Clinical Trials for GBM Challenged

  2020cites this paper
• Immunopathology and Immunotherapy of Central Nervous System Cancer

  2020cites this paper
• Alterations of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma following radiation and temozolomide with or without bevacizumab

  2020cites this paper
• Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: Current Shortcomings and Future Perspectives

  2020cites this paper
• [Metformin inhibits proliferation and functions of regulatory T cells in acidic environment].

  2019cites this paper
• The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment: perspectives for therapeutic implications

  2019cites this paper
• [The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in glioma microenvironment].

  2019cites this paper
• Regulatory T cells in breast cancer as a potent anti-cancer therapeutic target.

  2019cites this paper
• Local Immunotherapies of Cancer

  2018cites this paper
• Vaccination in the immunotherapy of glioblastoma

  2018cites this paper
• Concepts for Immunotherapies in Gliomas

  2018cites this paper
• T-cell Dysfunction in Glioblastoma: Applying a New Framework

  2018cites this paper
• Advances in immunotherapy for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

  2018cites this paper
• Key Word and Full-Text Search Emerging Immune Therapeutics Targeting Glioblastoma-Mediated Immune Suppression : Dark Before the

  2018cites this paper
• Current state of immunotherapy for glioblastoma

  2018cites this paper
• Drug‐induced xenogenization of tumors: A possible role in the immune control of malignant cell growth in the brain?

  2018cites this paper
• Temozolomide for immunomodulation in the treatment of glioblastoma

  2018cites this paper
• How immunotherapies are targeting the glioblastoma immune environment.

  2018cites this paper
• Mathematical modeling of tumor-induced immunosuppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Implications for therapeutic targeting strategies.

  2018cites this paper
• Combining radiation therapy and cancer immune therapies: From preclinical findings to clinical applications.

  2018cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors

  2018cites this paper
• Histone deacetylase enzymes and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors for antitumor effects and enhancement of antitumor immunity in glioblastoma

  2018cites this paper
• The promises of immunotherapy in gliomas

  2017cites this paper
• Adoptive Immunotherapy Against Brain Tumors

  2017cites this paper
• Phenotypic and Functional Properties of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells

  2017cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors.

  2017cites this paper
• Radiation and Immunotherapy in High-grade Gliomas: Where Do We Stand?

  2017cites this paper
• Immunotherapies for Malignant Glioma

  2017cites this paper
• Dendritic Cell Therapy for Brain Tumors

  2017cites this paper
• Immune Constitution of Patients With Brain Tumors

  2017cites this paper
• The Role of Regulatory T Cells and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Brain Tumor Immunosuppression

  2017cites this paper
• The network of immunosuppressive pathways in glioblastoma

  2017cites this paper
•  Conversion to mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver recipients: Calcineurin inhibitor levels are key.

  2017cites this paper
• Immunotherapy in glioblastoma: emerging options in precision medicine.

  2016cites this paper
• Developing immunotherapeutic strategies to target brain tumors

  2016influential citation
• Serum elevation of B lymphocyte stimulator does not increase regulatory B cells in glioblastoma patients undergoing immunotherapy

  2016cites this paper
• Evaluation of novel anti-tumoral strategies using peptide or monoclonal antibody immunotherapies

  2016cites this paper
• Immunological effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy against brain tumors

  2016cites this paper
• Key Word and Full-Text Search Emerging Immune Therapeutics Targeting Glioblastoma-Mediated Immune Suppression : Dark Before the

  2016cites this paper
• Targeting regulatory T cells in tumors

  2016cites this paper
• Immunological Evasion in Glioblastoma

  2016cites this paper
• Immunotherapy of Malignant Tumors in the Brain: How Different from Other Sites?

  2016cites this paper
• Prioritization schema for immunotherapy clinical trials in glioblastoma

  2016cites this paper
• Novel immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of acute leukemia (myeloid and lymphoblastic)

  2016cites this paper
• Vaccine strategies for the treatment of lymphoma: preclinical progress and clinical trial update.

  2016cites this paper
• Опухолевое микроокружение как мишень терапии злокачественных глиом Tumor microenvironment as a target of malignant gliomas

  2015cites this paper
• Trial Watch: Peptide-based anticancer vaccines

  2015cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for cancer in the central nervous system: Current and future directions

  2015cites this paper
• Targeting the Innate Immune System as Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  2015cites this paper
• Beyond adjuvants: Antagonizing inflammation to enhance vaccine immunity.

  2015cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for malignant gliomas.

  2015cites this paper
• Trends in Malignant Glioma Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

  2015cites this paper
• Overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies for glioma.

  2015cites this paper
• Peptide vaccines for the treatment of glioblastoma

  2015cites this paper
• Biomarkers for glioma immunotherapy: the next generation

  2015cites this paper
• Vaccination strategies for neuro-oncology.

  2015cites this paper
• The role of regulatory T cells and microglia in glioblastoma-associated immunosuppression

  2015cites this paper
• Immunosuppressive mechanisms in glioblastoma.

  2015cites this paper
• Enhanced Dendritic Cell–based Immunotherapy Using Low-dose Cyclophosphamide and CD25-targeted Antibody for Transplanted Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells

  2015cites this paper
• The targeting of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase -mediated immune escape in cancer.

  2015cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for malignant glioma

  2015cites this paper
• Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors.

  2015cites this paper
• Peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and natural killer group 2, member D expression levels in natural killer cells of patients with colorectal cancer.

  2014cites this paper
• Vaccine therapies for patients with glioblastoma

  2014cites this paper
• Leveraging chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia to potentiate cancer immunotherapy

  2014cites this paper
• The Targeting of IDO-Mediated Immune Escape in Cancer

  2014cites this paper
• Overcoming Immune Suppression: Therapeutic Strategies Targeting T-Cell Function in Cancer

  2014cites this paper
• Immunotherapy in pediatric malignancies: current status and future perspectives.

  2014cites this paper
• Immunotherapy advances for glioblastoma.

  2014cites this paper
• Durable Therapeutic Efficacy Utilizing Combinatorial Blockade against IDO, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 in Mice with Brain Tumors

  2014cites this paper
• Antibody-Redirected T-Cell Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors

  2014influential citation
• Phenotypic alterations, clinical impact and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in cancer

  2014cites this paper
• Microenvironmental Clues for Glioma Immunotherapy

  2014cites this paper
• A New Hope in Immunotherapy for Malignant Gliomas: Adoptive T Cell Transfer Therapy

  2014cites this paper
• Treg depletion followed by intracerebral CpG-ODN injection induce brain tumor rejection.

  2014cites this paper
• PI3K pathway inhibitors: potential prospects as adjuncts to vaccine immunotherapy for glioblastoma.

  2014cites this paper
• Antibody-based immunotherapy for malignant glioma.

  2014cites this paper
• Impact of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine efficacy in a murine melanoma model

  2013cites this paper
• Vaccine-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma.

  2013cites this paper
• Influence of pharmacological immunomodulatory agents on CD4CD25FoxP3 T regulatory cells in humans☆

  2013cites this paper