Targeting Tumor Microenvironments for Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Solid tumors comprise not only cancer cells but also host stromal cells, such as vascular cells, inflammatory/immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. The crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells plays an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, and response to antitumor therapy (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011; Joyce and Pollard, 2009; Petrulio et al., 2006). Cancer cells with oncogenic mutations are central to tumor formation. Endothelial cells in tumors form new blood vessels (angiogenesis) which bring oxygen and nutrients to the growing tumor (Ferrara and Kerbel, 2005), and also regulate leukocyte infiltration and tumor cell metastasis (Chouaib et al., 2010). Inflammatory cells have both tumor-promoting and tumor-preventing effects (Grivennikov et al., 2010; Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in the tumor stroma and have been demonstrated to have tumor-promoting activities (Bhowmick et al., 2004). Moreover, cancer cells within tumors are heterogeneous and composed of distinct subpopulations with different states of tumorigenicity. One subpopulation of cells that has recently been extensively studied is the cancer initiating cell or cancer stem cell (CSC) (Cho and Clarke, 2008), which exhibits high capacity of generating new tumors.

• Publication year

  2012

• Venue

  Unknown venue

• Publication date

  2012-04-20

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.5772/28692
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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