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Bacterial quorum sensing compounds are important modulators of microbe-plant interactions

A. Hartmann,M. Rothballer,B. Hense,P. Schröder

Published 2014 in Frontiers in Plant Science

ABSTRACT

Higher organisms evolved in theomnipresence of microbes, which couldbe of pathogenic or symbiotic nature.A framework of response patterns evolvedwhich is known as innate immunity.A major part of this response is the recog-nition of microbial-associated molecularpatterns (MAMP) such as chitin orlipochitooligosaccharides, peptidogly-can, lipopolysaccharides or flagellumstructures, and the initiation of effi-cient plant defence reactions (Janewayand Medzhitov, 2002; Jones and Dangl,2006). However, there are many plant-associated endophytic bacteria known,which are living within plants withouttriggering persistent and apparent defenceresponses or visibly do not harm theplant. In some cases, even a stimulationof plant growth due to the presence ofspecific players within the plant micro-biome was reported (Turner et al., 2013).It is now generally accepted, that plantperformance and activities can only becharacterized and understood completely,if the “holobiont,” the plant plus theintimately associated microbiota, is con-sidered (Zilber-Rosenberg and Rosenberg,2008). The evolutionary advantage of anintegrated holobiontic system is char-acterized by a much better adaptabilityand flexibility towards rapidly changingadverseenvironmentalconditions.Itisstillmostly unknown, which particular plantgeneticlociarecontrollingtheinteractionswith the plant microbiome and whichsignals are steering this cooperativity.Mutualistic microbes are able to overcomeor short-circuit plant defence responsesto enable successful colonization of thehost (Zamioudis and Pieterse, 2012;Alqueres et al., 2013). Beneficial associa-tions with microbes other than mycorhizaor

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