The Patterns of Inter-Firm and Inter-Industry Knowledge Flows in the Netherlands

This paper presents a study of backward and forward patent citations in patents granted to firms and institutions in the Netherlands by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The study establishes different patterns of patent citation in recent Dutch patents belonging to different industrial classes. We run our model in the set of backward citations made in Dutch applicants’ patents during 1996-2006 and in the set of forward citations to patents issued to firms and organizations in the Netherlands during 1993-2006. We compare the patterns of knowledge utilization (represented by backward patent citations) and knowledge dissemination (represented by forward patent citations) and obtain evidence of inter- or intra-firm and inter- or intra-industry knowledge spillovers. In the context of effective competition and innovation policies we advocate for paying special attention to industry specifics when designing policy programs and measures directed at stimulating R&D cooperation and knowledge spillovers. We present evidence that policies for promoting better knowledge exchange among firms should also distinguish between the measures for promoting the inward and the outward knowledge flows for companies in the Netherlands.

• Publication year

  2010

• Venue

  Social Science Research Network

• Publication date

  2010-05-01

• Fields of study

  Business, Economics

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.2139/ssrn.1612177
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• Policy programs aimed at stimulating R&D cooperation and knowledge spillovers should account for industry specifics and distinguish between inward and outward knowledge flows.

  Confidence 0.88

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• The citation patterns provide evidence of inter-firm and inter-industry knowledge spillovers.

  Confidence 0.90

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• Citation patterns vary across industrial classes in Dutch patents.

  Confidence 0.93

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• Backward patent citations are used to represent knowledge utilization, while forward patent citations are used to represent knowledge dissemination.

  Confidence 0.96

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review

• backward patent citations

  citation metric

  Citations made by Dutch applicants' patents to earlier patents, used here as a measure of prior knowledge use.

  Aliases: backward citations, backward patent citation

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• dutch patents

  patent set

  Patents issued to firms and institutions located in the Netherlands and examined for their citation behavior.

  Aliases: Dutch applicants' patents, patents in the Netherlands

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• forward patent citations

  citation metric

  Citations received by patents issued to firms and institutions in the Netherlands, used here as a measure of later uptake of patented knowledge.

  Aliases: forward citations, forward patent citation

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• industrial classes

  classification

  Technology or industry groupings used to compare citation patterns across Dutch patents.

  Aliases: industry classes, industrial categories

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• inward knowledge flows

  policy concept

  Knowledge entering firms from outside sources, treated separately in the policy discussion.

  Aliases: incoming knowledge flows, external inflows

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• knowledge dissemination

  analytic construct

  The outward reach of patented knowledge to later inventions, operationalized in the paper through forward citations.

  Aliases: knowledge spread

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• knowledge spillovers

  economic phenomenon

  Knowledge transfer effects between firms or industries inferred from the direction and pattern of patent citations.

  Aliases: spillovers

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• knowledge utilization

  analytic construct

  The use of prior knowledge in producing a patent, operationalized in the paper through backward citations.

  Aliases: internal knowledge use

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• outward knowledge flows

  policy concept

  Knowledge leaving firms toward outside users, treated separately in the policy discussion.

  Aliases: outgoing knowledge flows, external outflows

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• r&d cooperation

  policy focus

  Collaboration in research and development that policy programs may seek to stimulate.

  Aliases: research and development cooperation, R and D cooperation

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewB (s683577b42) reviewAK (4715169a40) review

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