Complications of Macular Peeling

Macular peeling refers to the surgical technique for the removal of preretinal tissue or the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the macula for several retinal disorders, ranging from epiretinal membranes (primary or secondary to diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment…) to full-thickness macular holes, macular edema, foveal retinoschisis, and others. The technique has evolved in the last two decades, and the different instrumentations and adjuncts have progressively advanced turning into a safer, easier, and more useful tool for the vitreoretinal surgeon. Here, we describe the main milestones of macular peeling, drawing attention to its associated complications.

• Publication year

  2015

• Venue

  Journal of Ophthalmology

• Publication date

  2015-09-03

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1155/2015/467814PMID 26425351PMCID 4573620
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• ILM peeling technique influences the degree of a dissociated optic nerve fibre layer appearance after macular hole surgery

  2015cited by this paper
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  2014cited by this paper
• ILM peeling a vital intervention for many vitreoretinal disorders.

  2014cited by this paper
• Early and late inner retinal changes after inner limiting membrane peeling

  2014influential reference
• Endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: a literature review of incidence, causative organisms, and treatment outcomes

  2014cited by this paper
• Foveola nonpeeling internal limiting membrane surgery to prevent inner retinal damages in early stage 2 idiopathic macula hole

  2014cited by this paper
• Evaluation of Macular Retinal Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness after Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Idiopathic Macular Holes

  2014cited by this paper
• Intra- and Postoperative Risks and Complications of Small-Gauge (23-G) versus Conventional (20-G) Vitrectomy for Macular Surgery

  2014cited by this paper
• Novel ‘heavy’ dyes for retinal membrane staining during macular surgery: multicenter clinical assessment

  2014cited by this paper
• Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

  2013cited by this paper
• Disappearance of central confluent soft drusen following vitrectomy and ILM peeling

  2013cited by this paper
• Microbubble in the hole: a rare cause of failed macular hole surgery?

  2013cited by this paper
• Displacement of foveal area toward optic disc after macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling

  2013cited by this paper
• The long-term course of functional and anatomical recovery after macular hole surgery.

  2013cited by this paper
• Dyes for Eyes™: Hydrodynamics, Biocompatibility and Efficacy of ‘Heavy' (Dual) Dyes for Chromovitrectomy

  2013cited by this paper
• The role of ILM peeling in vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy complications.

  2013cited by this paper
• Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus vitrectomy with no peeling for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

  2013cited by this paper
• TECHNIQUES, RATIONALE, AND OUTCOMES OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING

  2012cited by this paper
• Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane with the Use of Heavy Brilliant Blue G

  2012cited by this paper
• Intraocular pressure changes following 20G pars‐plana vitrectomy

  2012cited by this paper
• Paracentral retinal holes occurring after macular surgery: incidence, clinical features, and evolution

  2012cited by this paper
• “DISSOCIATED OPTIC NERVE FIBER LAYER APPEARANCE” AFTER INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE REMOVAL IS INNER RETINAL DIMPLING

  2012cited by this paper
• Intraocular Pressure Elevation after Vitrectomy for various Vitreoretinal Disorders

  2011cited by this paper
• A COMPARISON OF BRILLIANT BLUE G, TRYPAN BLUE, AND INDOCYANINE GREEN DYES TO ASSIST INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING DURING MACULAR HOLE SURGERY

  2011cited by this paper
• En face optical coherence tomography of inner retinal defects after internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole.

  2011influential reference
• Can retinal microtrauma by internal limiting membrane peeling cause retinal angiomatosis proliferans?

  2011cited by this paper
• Observation of persistent fundus fluorescence after internal limiting membrane peeling assisted by indocyanine green solution of different concentrations.

  2011cited by this paper
• Internal limiting membrane peeling versus no peeling for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

  2011cited by this paper
• Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

  2010cited by this paper
• LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF VITRECTOMY AND INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION AND HEMIRETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

  2010cited by this paper
• Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Refractory Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema

  2010influential reference
• Microperimetric determination of retinal sensitivity in areas of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer following internal limiting membrane peeling

  2010influential reference
• Unexplained vision loss following removal of epiretinal membrane

  2010cited by this paper
• Double peel using triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue in the management of myopic macular hole with retinal detachment: a case–control study

  2010cited by this paper
• Sequential epiretinal membrane removal with internal limiting membrane peeling in brilliant blue G-assisted macular surgery

  2010cited by this paper
• Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

  2009cited by this paper
• Double staining with brilliant blue G and double peeling for epiretinal membranes.

  2009cited by this paper
• Peeling of internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachment prevents epimacular membrane formation

  2009influential reference
• Use of triamcinolone during vitrectomy surgery to visualize membranes and vitreous

  2008cited by this paper
• PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

  2008influential reference
• Trityl dyes patent blue V and brilliant blue G - clinical relevance and in vitro analysis of the function of the outer blood-retinal barrier.

  2008cited by this paper
• Internal limiting membrane peeling in vitreo-retinal surgery.

  2008cited by this paper
• An in vivo evaluation of Brilliant Blue G in animals and humans

  2008cited by this paper
• Pars plana vitrectomy with and without peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) for diabetic macular edema.

  2008influential reference
• Surgical effects and complications of indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole.

  2007cited by this paper
• Current Treatment Approaches in Diabetic Macular Edema

  2007influential reference
• Relationship between macular hole size and the potential benefit of internal limiting membrane peeling

  2006cited by this paper
• A rare case of choroidal neovascularization following macular hole surgery

  2006cited by this paper
• Färbetechniken in der Makulachirurgie

  2006cited by this paper
• Clinical evaluation of the use of indocyanine green for peeling the internal limiting membrane in macular hole surgery

  2006influential reference
• FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF MACULAR HOLE SURGERY WITH PEELING OF THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE: Update of a Prospective Study

  2006cited by this paper
• INDOCYANINE GREEN–ASSISTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR MACULAR HOLES: Toxicity?

  2006cited by this paper
• BIOMECHANICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HUMAN INTERNAL LIMITING LAMINA

  2006cited by this paper
• Ocular oxygenation and the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

  2006cited by this paper
• Tractional internal limiting membrane detachment in highly myopic eyes.

  2006cited by this paper
• LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING WITH AND WITHOUT INDOCYANINE GREEN IN MACULAR HOLE SURGERY

  2006cited by this paper
• BRILLIANT BLUE G SELECTIVELY STAINS THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE/BRILLIANT BLUE G–ASSISTED MEMBRANE PEELING

  2006cited by this paper
• Analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer after indocyanine green-assisted vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes.

  2006cited by this paper
• Spontaneous resolution of traumatic macular hole-related retinal detachment.

  2006cited by this paper
• [Staining techniques in macular surgery].

  2006cited by this paper
• OUTCOMES OF MACULAR HOLE SURGERY AND SHORTENED FACE DOWN POSITIONING

  2006cited by this paper
• [Is removal of internal limiting membrane always necessary during surgery for refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema without evident epimacular proliferation?].

  2006influential reference
• Patent Blue: A Novel Vital Dye in Vitreoretinal Surgery

  2006cited by this paper
• Idiopathic macular hole surgery with low-concentration infracyanine green-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane.

  2006cited by this paper
• [Role of trypan blue in epiretinal membrane surgery].

  2005cited by this paper
• Vitrectomy for Diabetic Macular Edema with and without Internal Limiting Membrane Removal

  2005influential reference
• Phototoxicity of Indocyanine Green on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Vitro and Its Reduction by Lutein¶

  2005cited by this paper
• Traitement des décollements de rétine par déchirure géante

  2005cited by this paper
• Intérêt du bleu trypan dans la chirurgie des membranes épirétiniennes

  2005cited by this paper
• Epiretinal membrane surgery with or without internal limiting membrane peeling

  2005cited by this paper
• [Evaluation of trypan blue toxicity in idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery with macular function test using multifocal electroretinography: seven prospective case studies].

  2005cited by this paper
• A comparison of outcomes after indocyanine green and trypan blue assisted internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery

  2005cited by this paper
• REMOVAL OF RETINAL INDOCYANINE GREEN DYE BY AUTOLOGOUS SERUM IRRIGATION IN MACULAR HOLE SURGERY

  2005cited by this paper
• Skew deviation: a precursor to basilar artery thrombosis

  2005cited by this paper
• Pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema.

  2005cited by this paper
• Persistence of retinal indocyanine green dye following vitreous surgery.

  2005cited by this paper
• INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE TREATMENT FOR MACULAR EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION AND HEMIRETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

  2005cited by this paper
• Relationship of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance to internal limiting membrane peeling.

  2005cited by this paper
• HISTOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE SURGICALLY EXCISED FROM EYES WITH DIABETIC MACULOPATHY

  2005cited by this paper
• Intravitreal Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane Using Indocyanine Green in the Treatment of Macular Holes

  2005cited by this paper
• Histology of the vitreoretinal interface after indocyanine green staining of the ILM, with illumination using a halogen and xenon light source.

  2005cited by this paper
• Comparison of different techniques for purification of triamcinolone acetonide suspension for intravitreal use

  2005cited by this paper
• Optical Coherence Tomography Before and After Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Removal in a Child with Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy

  2005cited by this paper
• An electron microscopic study

  2005cited by this paper
• Does intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane effect the outcome of macular hole surgery?

  2005cited by this paper
• SPECTRAL IMAGING OF THE AREA OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING

  2005cited by this paper
• Macular Edema and Visual Loss after Macular Pucker Surgery with ICG-Assisted Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling

  2005cited by this paper
• Protecting the retinal pigment epithelium during macular hole surgery

  2005cited by this paper
• Immunohistochemical analysis of the internal limiting membrane peeled with infracyanine green.

  2005influential reference
• Basement membrane-dependent survival of retinal ganglion cells.

  2005cited by this paper
• Neurotoxic effects of trypan blue on rat retinal ganglion cells.

  2005cited by this paper
• Toxic effects of indocyanine green, infracyanine green, and trypan blue on the human retinal pigmented epithelium

  2005cited by this paper
• STAINING OF THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE WITH INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE

  2005cited by this paper
• Retinal tolerance to dyes

  2005cited by this paper
• Triamcinolone-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling during idiopathic macular hole surgery.

  2005cited by this paper
• EFFECTS OF INDOCYANINE GREEN ON THE RETINA AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN A PORCINE MODEL OF RETINAL HOLE

  2004cited by this paper
• Safety testing of infracyanine green using retinal pigment epithelium and glial cell cultures.

  2004cited by this paper
• A Modified Technique to Stain the Internal Limiting Membrane with Indocyanine Green

  2004cited by this paper
• Long-term follow-up of indocyanine green-assisted peeling of the retinal internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy surgery for idiopathic macular hole repair.

  2004cited by this paper
• Effects of indocyanine green on retinal ganglion cells.

  2004cited by this paper

• Enzymatic Disruption of the Internal Limiting Membrane Enhances Transplanted Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

  2026cites this paper
• International consensuses and guidelines on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) and the Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI).

  2025cites this paper
• Efficacy of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Comparison of ILM peeling vs. inverted ILM flap for macular hole closure and visual outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Retinal atrophy and eccentric macular hole after internal limiting membrane peeling: a case report

  2025influential citation
• Comparison of Surgical Times Between Manual and Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling

  2024cites this paper
• Analysis of retinal alterations utilizing intraoperative OCT following surgical interventions with novel ILM forceps in the DISCOVER study

  2024cites this paper
• Morphological Change in Optical Coherence Tomography and Functional Outcomes in Epiretinal Membrane Peeling with or without SF6 Tamponade

  2024cites this paper
• “Micro–Viscous Fluid Control”: A Simple Homemade New Tool to Access Subretinal Space in a Controlled Way

  2024cites this paper
• Could internal limiting membrane peeling before Voretigen neparvovec-ryzl subretinal injection prevent focal chorioretinal atrophy?

  2024cites this paper
• Development of an Eccentric Macular Hole Followed by Reopening of the Original Macular Hole as a Long-term Sequelae of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling and Focal Laser Photocoagulation: A Case Report

  2023cites this paper
• Retinal pigment epithelium atrophy after epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling: case reports

  2022cites this paper
• Sudden branch macular artery avulsion during internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole: A case report

  2022cites this paper
• Comparison of Anatomical and Functional Results of Surgeries Performed with Nitinol Flex Loop or Forceps in Primary Epiretinal Membrane

  2021cites this paper
• Choroidal neovascularisation following inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for idiopathic macular hole: a case for modified flaps

  2021cites this paper
• Assessment of Vascular Changes in Patients after Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery Due to Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

  2021cites this paper
• Acute vision loss in a patient with chronic esophageal stenosis

  2020cites this paper
• Unintentional retinal artery amputation during macular peeling

  2020influential citation
• Topical Review: Retinally Induced Aniseikonia.

  2019cites this paper
• Eccentric Macular Hole Formation Following Successful Macular Hole Surgery.

  2019cites this paper
• Effects of internal limiting membrane peeling during vitrectomy for macula-off primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

  2018cites this paper
• Update on the Intraoperative OCT: Where Do We Stand?

  2018cites this paper
• Epiretinal Membrane Surgery Outcomes in Eyes with Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits: A Case Control Study.

  2018cites this paper
• Epiretinal membrane negative staining and double peeling in a single block with Brilliant Blue G

  2018cites this paper
• COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETINAL REATTACHMENT SURGERY WITH OR WITHOUT INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING TO PREVENT POSTOPERATIVE MACULAR PUCKER

  2017cites this paper
• Differences in Surgical Performance of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Macular Hole Repair Between Supervised Vitreoretinal Fellows and Vitreoretinal Faculty at a Single Institution

  2017cites this paper
• Analysis of Retinal Architectural Changes Using Intraoperative OCT Following Surgical Manipulations With Membrane Flex Loop in the DISCOVER Study

  2017cites this paper
• IATROGENIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANE IN MACULAR HOLE–INDUCED RETINAL DETACHMENT

  2016cites this paper
• Prophylactic ILM Peeling : When , Why , How ?

  year unknowncites this paper