Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities

Rhein (4, 5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, such as Rheum palmatum L., Cassia tora L., Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., and Aloe barbadensis Miller, which have been used medicinally in China for more than 1,000 years. Its biological activities related to human health are being explored actively. Emerging evidence suggests that rhein has many pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The present review provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of rhein, supporting the potential uses of rhein as a medicinal agent.

• Publication year

  2015

• Venue

  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

• Publication date

  2015-06-22

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1155/2015/578107PMID 26185519PMCID 4491579
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Evidence-based.

  2019cited by this paper
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  2013cited by this paper
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  2013cited by this paper
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  2013cited by this paper
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• [Protective effects of rhein on hepatic progression in HBV-transgenic mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet].

  2013cited by this paper
• Rhein inhibits integrin-linked kinase expression and regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cell.

  2012cited by this paper
• I and J

  2012cited by this paper
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  2012cited by this paper
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  2012influential reference
• Rhein Protects against Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders through Liver X Receptor-Mediated Uncoupling Protein 1 Upregulation in Brown Adipose Tissue

  2012cited by this paper
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  2012cited by this paper
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  2012cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2011cited by this paper
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  2010cited by this paper
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  2010cited by this paper
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  2010cited by this paper
• [Effects of Rhein on the hypertrophy of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose and angiotensin II in rats].

  2010cited by this paper
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  2010cited by this paper
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  2007cited by this paper
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  2007cited by this paper
• Insulin sensitizing and alpha-glucoamylase inhibitory action of sennosides, rheins and rhaponticin in Rhei Rhizoma.

  2006cited by this paper
• [Effects of rhein on activity of caspase-3 in kidney and cell apoptosis on the progression of renal injury in glomerulosclerosis].

  2005cited by this paper
• [Effects of rhein on the function of human mesangial cells in high glucose environment].

  2004cited by this paper
• Rhein inhibits the growth and induces the apoptosis of Hep G2 cells.

  2004cited by this paper
• [Effect of Rhein on the development of hepatic fibrosis in rats].

  2003cited by this paper
• Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway.

  2003cited by this paper
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  2003cited by this paper
• Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor beta1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells.

  2003cited by this paper
• Effects of rhein on human articular chondrocytes in alginate beads.

  2003cited by this paper
• Rhein inhibits TPA-induced activator protein-1 activation and cell transformation by blocking the JNK-dependent pathway.

  2003cited by this paper
• Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor β1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells

  2003cited by this paper
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  2002cited by this paper
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• Inhibition of the nitrosothiol production of cultured osteoarthritic chondrocytes by rhein, cortisol and diclofenac.

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• [Rhein induces apoptosis in cancer cells and shows synergy with mitomycin].

  2001cited by this paper
• [Inhibition of glucose transporter 1 overexpression in mesangial cells by rhein].

  2001cited by this paper
• I and i

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• Effects of Diacerein on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration

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• Diacerhein and rhein reduce the ICE-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 activation in human osteoarthritic cartilage.

  2000cited by this paper
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  1999cited by this paper
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  1999cited by this paper
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  1999cited by this paper
• Rhein affects arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in Helicobacter pylori from peptic ulcer patients

  1998cited by this paper
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