A model for interference and forgetting

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  1988

• Venue

  Psychological Review

• Publication date

  1988-10-01

• Fields of study

  Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.95.4.434
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• A model for contextual fluctuation

  1989influential reference
• On comparing rates of forgetting: Comment on Loftus (1985).

  1985cited by this paper
• Evaluating forgetting curves.

  1985cited by this paper
• Consistency and Confoundings: Reply to Slamecka

  1985cited by this paper
• A retrieval model for both recognition and recall.

  1984cited by this paper
• Normal forgetting of verbal lists as a function of their degree of learning.

  1983influential reference
• A spreading activation theory of memory.

  1983influential reference
• A Theory for the Storage and Retrieval of Item and Associative Information.

  1982cited by this paper
• A composite holographic associative recall model

  1982influential reference
• Attention and performance IX

  1982cited by this paper
• Order effects in recall.

  1981cited by this paper
• Search of associative memory.

  1981influential reference
• Interference: The relationship between response latency and response accuracy.

  1981influential reference
• SAM: A theory of probabilistic search in associative memory.

  1980cited by this paper
• Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

  1980cited by this paper
• Associative learning : a cognitive analysis

  1978cited by this paper
• Spontaneous recovery in human learning.

  1976cited by this paper
• Language, Memory, and Thought

  1976cited by this paper
• Human memory: Theory and data.

  1975cited by this paper
• Sources of Proactive Inhibition on Unpaced Tests of Retention.

  1974influential reference
• Coding Processes in Human Memory.

  1973cited by this paper
• Critical issues in interference theory

  1973influential reference
• On testing the independence of associations.

  1972influential reference
• Response competition in the forgetting of paired associates

  1971cited by this paper
• Interference and retrieval.

  1971cited by this paper
• A cognitive interpretation of negative transfer and forgetting of paired associates

  1971cited by this paper
• Role of response availability in transfer and interference

  1969cited by this paper
• Temporal changes in interference.

  1968influential reference
• Proactive inhibition and competition at recall.

  1967cited by this paper
• Supplementary report: A search for spontaneous recovery of verbal associations

  1966cited by this paper
• Long-term retention of first-list associations in the A-B, A-C paradigm

  1965cited by this paper
• Extinction of associations in four transfer paradigms.

  1964cited by this paper
• Time changes in the strengths of A–B, A–C lists; spontaneous recovery?

  1963cited by this paper
• Verbal learning and verbal behavior.

  1961cited by this paper
• The Present Status of Interference Theory.

  1961cited by this paper
• Fate of first-list associations in transfer theory.

  1959cited by this paper
• Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.

  1955cited by this paper
• Acquisition, extinction, and recovery functions in retroactive inhibition.

  1954cited by this paper
• The similarity paradox in human learning; a resolution.

  1949cited by this paper
• Proactive inhibition as a function of time and degree of prior learning.

  1949influential reference
• Spontaneous recovery of verbal associations.

  1948influential reference
• Retroactive inhibition as a function of degree of interpolated learning

  1943cited by this paper
• The influence of degree of interpolated learning on retroactive inhibition and the overt transfer of specific responses. By Arthur W. Melton, Jean McQueen Irwin, 1940.

  1940cited by this paper
• Forgetting and the law of disuse.

  1932influential reference

• How stereotypes develop from memory limitations and second-hand knowledge

  2026cites this paper
• Reinstating memories’ temporal context at encoding causes Sisyphus-like memory rejuvenation

  2025cites this paper
• Why Empirical Forgetting Curves Deviate from Actual Forgetting Rates: A Distribution Model of Forgetting

  2025cites this paper
• Hippocampal transformations occur along dimensions of memory interference

  2025cites this paper
• Beyond Retrieval Competition: Asymmetric Effects of Retroactive and Proactive Interference in Associative Memory

  2025influential citation
• MOOM: Maintenance, Organization and Optimization of Memory in Ultra-Long Role-Playing Dialogues

  2025cites this paper
• Evolving Engrams Demand Changes in Effective Cues

  2025cites this paper
• Making guesses during learning can be beneficial for older adults' memory.

  2025cites this paper
• Retrieval Competition in Proactive Interference: Effects of Encoding Strength and Consolidation in the Modified Modified Free Recall Paradigm

  2025influential citation
• Is “memory-for-when” universal? Group and individual variability in temporal position memory for words, faces, and classrooms

  2024cites this paper
• Inhibition of related abstract shapes during long-term memory

  2024cites this paper
• Time after Time: Preserving Temporal Memories When Experiences Repeat

  2024cites this paper
• Retrieving effectively from source memory: Evidence for differentiation and local matching processes.

  2024cites this paper
• Semantic relatedness proactively benefits learning, memory, and interdependence across episodes

  2024cites this paper
• Distortion of overlapping memories relates to arousal and anxiety

  2024cites this paper
• Memory updating and the structure of event representations.

  2024cites this paper
• Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

  2023cites this paper
• The pretesting effect thrives in the presence of competing information

  2023cites this paper
• Repeated guessing attempts during acquisition can promote subsequent recall performance.

  2023cites this paper
• Altering the past to shape the future: Manipulating information accessibility to influence case-based reasoning

  2023cites this paper
• Modeling the continuous recognition paradigm to determine how retrieval can impact subsequent retrievals.

  2023influential citation
• Memory out of context: Spacing effects and decontextualization in a computational model of the medial temporal lobe

  2023cites this paper
• Interpolated retrieval retroactively increases recall and promotes cross-episode memory interdependence

  2023cites this paper
• The role of rehearsal and reminding in the recall of categorized word lists.

  2023cites this paper
• PEPPR: A post-encoding pre-production reinstatement model of dual-list free recall

  2023cites this paper
• Encoding contexts are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and track the temporal dynamics of memory interference

  2022cites this paper
• The Effects of Interspersed Retrieval Practice in Multiple-List Learning on Initially Studied Material

  2022cites this paper
• Working Memory Is Complex and Dynamic, Like Your Thoughts

  2022cites this paper
• Interference-adjusted power learning curve model with forgetting

  2022cites this paper
• Verbal working memory encodes phonological and semantic information differently.

  2022cites this paper
• How retrieval practice and semantic generation affect subsequently studied material: an analysis of item-level effects

  2022cites this paper
• An interference-adjusted power learning curve for tasks with cognitive and motor elements

  2022cites this paper
• The neural bases for timing of durations

  2022cites this paper
• The pretesting effect comes to full fruition after prolonged retention interval.

  2022cites this paper
• Selective memory retrieval can revive forgotten memories

  2022cites this paper
• Separation of item and context in item-method directed forgetting

  2021cites this paper
• The episodic flanker effect: Memory retrieval as attention turned inward.

  2021cites this paper
• Adaptive Memory Distortions Are Predicted by Feature Representations in Parietal Cortex

  2021cites this paper
• Is Activity Silent Working Memory Simply Episodic Memory?

  2021cites this paper
• Adjustment for cognitive interference enhances the predictability of the power learning curve

  2021cites this paper
• Out of fright, out of mind: impaired memory for information negated during looming threat

  2021cites this paper
• Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

  2021cites this paper
• The Mechanisms Underlying Interference and Inhibition: A Review of Current Behavioral and Neuroimaging Research

  2021cites this paper
• The role of context in episodic memory: Behavior and neurophysiology

  2021cites this paper
• Episodic memory enhancement versus impairment is determined by contextual similarity across events

  2021cites this paper
• Consonant harmony, disharmony, memory and time scales

  2021cites this paper
• When retrieval practice promotes new learning – The critical role of study material

  2021cites this paper
• Oscillatory Correlates of Selective Restudy

  2021cites this paper
• Running head: FEATURE STRENGTHS FOR ASSOCIATIVE RECOGNITION 1 Associative recognition without hippocampal associations

  2021cites this paper
• Associative recognition without hippocampal associations.

  2021cites this paper
• To appear in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Oscillatory Correlates of Selective Restudy

  2021cites this paper
• Semantic relatedness retroactively boosts memory and promotes memory interdependence across episodes

  2021cites this paper
• Fresh in My Mind! Investigating the effects of the order of presenting opportunistic and restrictive design for additive manufacturing content on students’ creativity

  2020cites this paper
• Buildup and Release from Proactive Interference - Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms.

  2020cites this paper
• Computational Models of Memory Search.

  2020cites this paper
• Testing a Strategy-Disruption Account of the List-Strength Effect.

  2020cites this paper
• Testing the convergent retrieval learning theory of testing effects

  2020cites this paper
• Explaining short-term memory phenomena with an integrated episodic/semantic framework of long-term memory.

  2020cites this paper
• The Many Faces of Forgetting: Toward a Constructive View of Forgetting in Everyday Life

  2020cites this paper
• Integrating Predation Risk Across Scales: From Neurons to Ecosystems and Milliseconds to Generations

  2020cites this paper
• Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus represent strategic context even while simultaneously changing representation throughout a task session.

  2020cites this paper
• Mechanisms of memory: An intermediate level of analysis and organization.

  2020cites this paper
• Modeling list-strength and spacing effects using version 3 of the retrieving effectively from memory (REM.3) model and its superimposition-of-similar-images assumption

  2020cites this paper
• Temporal dynamics of free recall: The role of rehearsal efficiency in word frequency and bilingual language proficiency effects.

  2020cites this paper
• The synchronization of collective beliefs: From dyadic interactions to network convergence.

  2020cites this paper
• Adaptive Repulsion of Long-Term Memory Representations Is Triggered by Event Similarity

  2020cites this paper
• Cognitive control strategies and adaptive performance in a complex work task.

  2020cites this paper
• Examining the episodic context account: does retrieval practice enhance memory for context?

  2019cites this paper
• How do recall requirements affect decision-making in free recall initiation? A linear ballistic accumulator approach

  2019cites this paper
• The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization

  2019cites this paper
• Modeling memory and learning with molecular dynamics

  2019cites this paper
• Learning , Memory , and Cognition How Delay Influences Search Processes at Test

  2019influential citation
• Theta oscillations show impaired interference detection in older adults during selective memory retrieval

  2019cites this paper
• Context Retrieval as a Critical Component in Selective Memory Retrieval

  2019cites this paper
• List-method directed forgetting after prolonged retention interval: Further challenges to contemporary accounts

  2019cites this paper
• Version 3 of the retrieving effectively from memory model: extensions and limitations

  2019cites this paper
• The rational analysis of memory

  2019cites this paper
• How delay influences search processes at test.

  2019cites this paper
• The role of control processes in temporal and semantic contiguity

  2019cites this paper
• Machines that Forget: Learning from retrieval failure of mis-indexed explanations

  2019cites this paper
• Testing the primary and convergent retrieval model of recall: Recall practice produces faster recall success but also faster recall failure

  2019cites this paper
• Altering the flow of mental time: A test of retrieved-context theory

  2019cites this paper
• 50 years of research sparked by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

  2019cites this paper
• Interpolated retrieval effects on list isolation: Individual differences in working memory capacity

  2019cites this paper
• Cognitive costs of decision-making strategies: A resource demand decomposition analysis with a cognitive architecture.

  2018cites this paper
• Polysemy in Spatially Ambiguous Prepositions

  2018cites this paper
• Information and Processes Underlying Semantic and Episodic Memory Across Tasks, Items, and Individuals

  2018cites this paper
• Predicting Recall Probability to Adaptively Prioritize Study

  2018cites this paper
• Hypermnesia and the Role of Delay between Study and Test

  2018cites this paper
• Part-List Cuing Can Impair, Improve, or Not Influence Recall Performance: The Critical Roles of Encoding and Access to Study Context at Test

  2018cites this paper
• Towards Augmented Human Memory: Retrieval-Induced Forgetting and Retrieval Practice in an Interactive, End-of-Day Review

  2018cites this paper
• Blocked vs. interleaved presentation and proactive interference in episodic memory

  2018cites this paper
• Contiguity in episodic memory

  2018cites this paper
• The Importance of Time to Think Back: The Role of Reminding in Retroactive Effects of Memory

  2018cites this paper
• Theta oscillations show impaired interference detection in the elderly during selective memory retrieval

  2018cites this paper
• Mnemonic accessibility affects statement believability: The effect of listening to others selectively practicing beliefs.

  2018cites this paper
• Modeling the dynamics of recognition memory testing with an integrated model of retrieval and decision making.

  2018cites this paper
• Learning to recall: Examining recall latencies to test an intra-item learning theory of testing effects

  2018cites this paper
• A Consideration of the Seven Sins of Memory in the Context of Creative Cognition

  2018cites this paper
• Inhibition in Memory

  2018cites this paper