Abstract Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible central visual loss among the elderly in developed countries. There are considerable evidences that many biochemical pathways are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species in the retina, leading to increase oxidative stress in the ocular tissue. The lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membranes, the oxidation of thiol group of enzymes and nucleic acids in the DNA chain, affect the integrity and function of cells and lead to oxidative tissue damage. The ocular antioxidant defense system is very specific and complex and comprises enzymatic and nonenzymatic low-molecular substances, which provide specific protection against the action of free radicals. Melanin, melatonin, macular pigments lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamins C and E, glutathione, specific metal-binding proteins, albumin, uric acid, and specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, etc. act as powerful “scavengers” of free radicals in ocular tissues.
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- Publication year
2019
- Venue
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye
- Publication date
Unknown publication date
- Fields of study
Medicine, Chemistry
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Semantic Scholar
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