Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2009

• Venue

  Nature Reviews Neurology

• Publication date

  2009-04-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.24PMID 19347026PMCID PMC3065676
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Systemic Inflammation Induces Acute Behavioral and Cognitive Changes and Accelerates Neurodegenerative Disease

  2009cited by this paper
• Delirium accelerates cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease

  2009cited by this paper
• Drug treatment of delirium: past, present and future.

  2008cited by this paper
• Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: An EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium

  2008cited by this paper
• The Confusion Assessment Method: A Systematic Review of Current Usage

  2008cited by this paper
• Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses.

  2008cited by this paper
• Time‐Course of Cytokines During Delirium in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures

  2008cited by this paper
• One-year health care costs associated with delirium in the elderly population.

  2008cited by this paper
• Diagnostic yield of cerebral imaging in patients with acute confusion

  2008cited by this paper
• Delirium in the critically ill patient.

  2008cited by this paper
• Aging, microglial cell priming, and the discordant central inflammatory response to signals from the peripheral immune system

  2008cited by this paper
• Cholinergic deficiency hypothesis in delirium: a synthesis of current evidence.

  2008cited by this paper
• Candidemia in the critically ill patient.

  2008cited by this paper
• Neuroimaging studies of delirium: a systematic review.

  2008cited by this paper
• Chemokines are associated with delirium after cardiac surgery.

  2008cited by this paper
• Understanding international differences in terminology for delirium and other types of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients

  2008cited by this paper
• Antipsychotics for delirium.

  2007cited by this paper
• Antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium: a systematic review.

  2007cited by this paper
• Impact of delirium on cognition, distress, and health-related quality of life after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

  2007cited by this paper
• A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept) for reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium after elective total hip replacement

  2007cited by this paper
• Cytokines and acute phase response in delirium.

  2007cited by this paper
• Pilot clinical trial of gabapentin to decrease postoperative delirium in older patients

  2006cited by this paper
• An economic perspective

  2006cited by this paper
• The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults

  2006cited by this paper
• Cerebral perfusion changes in older delirious patients using 99mTc HMPAO SPECT.

  2006cited by this paper
• Heart disease and stroke statistics--2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.

  2006cited by this paper
• Does home treatment affect delirium? A randomised controlled trial of rehabilitation of elderly and care at home or usual treatment (The REACH-OUT trial).

  2006cited by this paper
• The role of neuroimaging in elucidating delirium pathophysiology.

  2006cited by this paper
• Effects of cytokines and infections on brain neurochemistry.

  2006cited by this paper
• Delirium in older persons.

  2006cited by this paper
• Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical in-patients: a systematic literature review.

  2006cited by this paper
• The incidence of delirium associated with orthopedic surgery: a meta-analytic review

  2006cited by this paper
• Costs and consequences of hip fracture occurrence in old age: An economic perspective

  2005cited by this paper
• Donepezil in the prevention and treatment of post-surgical delirium.

  2005cited by this paper
• Psychotogenic drugs and delirium pathogenesis: the central role of the thalamus.

  2005cited by this paper
• Haloperidol Prophylaxis for Elderly Hip‐Surgery Patients at Risk for Delirium: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Study

  2005cited by this paper
• Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients

  2005cited by this paper
• Postoperative Interleukin-6 and Cortisol Concentrations in Elderly Patients with Postoperative Confusion

  2005cited by this paper
• Treatment of opioid-induced delirium with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: a case report.

  2004cited by this paper
• Oral Amino Acid Load Mimicking Hemoglobin Results in Reduced Regional Cerebral Perfusion and Deterioration in Memory Tests in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver

  2004cited by this paper
• A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium.

  2004cited by this paper
• Carolyn M. Clancy on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

  2004cited by this paper
• Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002.

  2003cited by this paper
• The Prognostic Significance of Subsyndromal Delirium in Elderly Medical Inpatients

  2003cited by this paper
• Value of regional cerebral blood flow in the evaluation of chronic liver disease and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy

  2003cited by this paper
• Donepezil for postoperative delirium.

  2003cited by this paper
• The role of adherence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions: evidence from the delirium prevention trial.

  2003cited by this paper
• Donepezil for anticholinergic drug intoxication: a case report.

  2003cited by this paper
• The course of delirium in older medical inpatients

  2003cited by this paper
• Cognitive impairment in the intensive care unit.

  2003cited by this paper
• Regional cerebral blood flow in delirium patients

  2003cited by this paper
• Delirium predicts 12-month mortality.

  2002cited by this paper
• Immunological mechanisms and the spectrum of psychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer's disease.

  2002cited by this paper
• Delirium Severity and Psychomotor Types: Their Relationship with Outcomes after Hip Fracture Repair

  2002cited by this paper
• Reducing Delirium After Hip Fracture: A Randomized Trial

  2001cited by this paper
• Validating the diagnosis of delirium and evaluating its association with deterioration over a one-year period.

  2001cited by this paper
• Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool

  2001cited by this paper
• Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium.

  2001cited by this paper
• Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)

  2001cited by this paper
• Delirium in older medical inpatients and subsequent cognitive and functional status: a prospective study.

  2001cited by this paper
• Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU).

  2001cited by this paper
• Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients.

  2001cited by this paper
• Hyperactivity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in demented patients with delirium

  2001cited by this paper
• Delirium episode as a sign of undetected dementia among community dwelling elderly subjects: a 2 year follow up study

  2000cited by this paper
• Selecting Target Conditions for Quality of Care Improvement in Vulnerable Older Adults

  2000cited by this paper
• Delirium Is Independently Associated with Poor Functional Recovery After Hip Fracture

  2000cited by this paper
• Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine.

  2000cited by this paper
• Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine.

  2000cited by this paper
• Consequences of not recognizing delirium superimposed on dementia in hospitalized elderly individuals.

  2000cited by this paper
• A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients.

  1999cited by this paper
• Delirium episodes during the course of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease.

  1999cited by this paper
• Do Delirium and Alzheimer’s Dementia Share Specific Pathogenetic Mechanisms?

  1999cited by this paper
• Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care.

  1999cited by this paper
• The risk of dementia and death after delirium.

  1999cited by this paper
• Importance of Serum Anticholinergic Activity in the Assessment of Elderly Patients with Delirium

  1999cited by this paper
• Regional cerebral blood flow during mechanical hyperventilation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure

  1999cited by this paper
• Predisposing and Precipitating Factors for Delirium in Hospitalized Older Patients

  1999cited by this paper
• Serum anticholinergic activity changes with acute illness in elderly medical patients.

  1999cited by this paper
• Prophylactic Consecutive Administration of Haloperidol Can Reduce the Occurrence of Postoperative Delirium in Gastrointestinal Surgery

  1999cited by this paper
• Delirium in hospitalized older patients.

  1998cited by this paper
• A Nonpharmacologic Sleep Protocol for Hospitalized Older Patients

  1998cited by this paper
• Delirium in Hospitalized Older Patients: Recognition and Risk Factors

  1998cited by this paper
• The association of serum anticholinergic activity with delirium in elderly medical patients.

  1998cited by this paper
• Donepezil Improves Symptoms of Delirium in Dementia: Implications for Future Research

  1998cited by this paper
• The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.

  1997cited by this paper
• Abbreviated cognitive test for delirium.

  1997cited by this paper
• Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Antiparkinsonian Drugs

  1997cited by this paper
• The Use of Environmental Strategies and Psychotropic Medication in the Management of Delirium

  1996cited by this paper
• The NEECHAM Confusion Scale: construction, validation, and clinical testing.

  1996cited by this paper
• Validation of a cognitive test for delirium in medical ICU patients.

  1996cited by this paper
• A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients.

  1996cited by this paper
• Dexmedetomidine Premedication Attenuates Ketamine‐induced Cardiostimulatory Effects and Postanesthetic Delirium

  1995cited by this paper
• Delirium in critical care unit patients admitted through an emergency room.

  1995cited by this paper
• Serum Anticholinergic Activity in Hospitalized Older Persons with Delirium: A Preliminary Study

  1995cited by this paper
• Systematic intervention for elderly inpatients with delirium: a randomized trial.

  1994cited by this paper
• Efficacy of neuroleptics for hypoactive delirium.

  1994cited by this paper
• Delirium: a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians caring for the elderly.

  1994cited by this paper
• Delirium and the dexamethasone suppression test in the elderly.

  1994cited by this paper
• The occurrence and duration of symptoms in elderly patients with delirium.

  1993cited by this paper
• Acute delirium and functional decline in the hospitalized elderly patient.

  1993cited by this paper

• Utility of the Charlson Comorbidity Index in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

  2026cites this paper
• A Practical and Validated Nomogram for Predicting Delirium in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

  2026cites this paper
• Effect of continuous intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery under neuraxial anesthesia: a prospective single-center controlled clinical trial

  2026cites this paper
• Urinary tract infection‐related delirium in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Clinical challenges and translational opportunities

  2026cites this paper
• Use of intranasal insulin on postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

  2026cites this paper
• Machine learning and artificial intelligence for delirium prediction with Electronic Health Records (EHR): a scoping review.

  2026cites this paper
• The Prevalence of Infection and Sepsis Associated Dysphagia in Hospitalised Patients: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.

  2026cites this paper
• Do ward changes affect outcomes differently in people living with dementia?

  2026cites this paper
• Association of Metformin Use on Postoperative Delirium Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

  2026cites this paper
• Navigating Delirium Superimposed on Dementia: Family Care Partners' Experiences and Needs.

  2025cites this paper
• Early identification and delirium recognition in acute care: A quality improvement initiative.

  2025cites this paper
• Systematic Mendelian randomization of the human plasma proteome to identify therapeutic targets linking aging and frailty to perioperative delirium.

  2025cites this paper
• Identifying the Influence of Lung-Related Injuries and Other Factors on Delirium in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A National Analysis.

  2025cites this paper
• Preoperative Cholinergic Signatures Drive Segregated Brain Architecture in Postoperative Delirium

  2025cites this paper
• The Relationship Between the Average Infusion Rate of Propofol and the Incidence of Delirium During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC IV Database

  2025cites this paper
• Predicting Delirium Risk in Older Adults Requiring Emergency Hospitalization: Clinical Utility of the Noise Pareidolia Test

  2025cites this paper
• Prioritizing delirium risk factors in nursing: a cross-sectional study using the analytic hierarchy process

  2025cites this paper
• Improving Adherence to Perioperative Cognitive Assessment Documentation in Hip Fracture Patients: A Quality Improvement Project

  2025cites this paper
• The impact of autoimmune diseases on delirium risk in critically ill patients: a propensity score matching multicenter analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Machine Learning-Based prediction models for postoperative delirium: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiles of Long-Term Cognitive Decline after Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

  2025cites this paper
• Ökonomische Bedeutung des postoperativen Delirs bei älteren Patienten nach Elektivoperationen aus Perspektive der Krankenhäuser – Ergebnisse der PAWEL – Studie

  2025cites this paper
• Delirium Management in Critical Care: Are We Moving Forward or Still Treading Water?

  2025cites this paper
• Impact of Physical Therapy on Neurocognitive Status Following Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients.

  2025cites this paper
• Online machine learning model for predicting delirium risk in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: development and preliminary validation

  2025cites this paper
• The intersection of delirium and long-term cognition in older adults: the critical role of delirium prevention

  2025cites this paper
• Association of postoperative delirium with visual acuity after ophthalmic surgeries under local anesthesia

  2025cites this paper
• Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Long-term clinical outcomes of delirium after hospital discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review

  2025cites this paper
• Neurocognitive Consequences of General Anesthesia in Patients

  2025cites this paper
• A descriptive report on the impact of pharmacy workflows in the operational success of hospital at home implementation at a county academic hospital system

  2025cites this paper
• Bedside EEG for rapid diagnosis of delirium.

  2025cites this paper
• Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction Model for Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients with Hip Fracture.

  2025cites this paper
• When Little Things Add Up: Harnessing Emergence Theory to Decode Complexity in Geriatric Care

  2025cites this paper
• Risk Factors for Delirium in Trauma Elderly Patients: An Analysis Using the National Trauma Data Bank From 2021 to 2022, a Retrospective Cohort Study.

  2025cites this paper
• Intranasal insulin and postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

  2025cites this paper
• Effect of stellate ganglion block on delirium after major surgery in elderly patients: protocol for a randomised controlled study

  2025cites this paper
• Artificial intelligence applications in delirium prediction, diagnosis, and management: a systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• AI-delirium guard: Predictive modeling of postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients

  2025cites this paper
• Delirium in Geriatric Psychiatry Patients: Causality and the Role of Empirical Antibiotics in the Management of Urinary Tract Infection

  2025cites this paper
• Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting delirium in ICU patients

  2025cites this paper
• Social Disparities, Delirium Occurrence, and Related Outcomes Among Hospitalized Older Adults

  2025cites this paper
• The Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms During Acute Crises in Persons With Dementia–A Systematic Review

  2025cites this paper
• Delirium among older adults living at home: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors

  2025cites this paper
• GLP-1 receptor agonists in delirium and encephalopathies: a neuroprotective scoping review

  2025cites this paper
• Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and delirium risk in elderly surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study

  2025cites this paper
• The Efficacy of a Multidisciplinary Perianesthetic Management Bundle for Alleviating Delirium After Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

  2025cites this paper
• Prospective analysis of delirium risk in geriatric femur fracture patients using the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score

  2025cites this paper
• Prevention and Early Delirium Identification Carer Toolkit (PREDICT): A Study Protocol for a Stepped-Wedge, Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.

  2025cites this paper
• Natural language processing techniques to detect delirium in hospitalized patients from clinical notes: a systematic review

  2025influential citation
• Establishment and Future Prospects of the Japanese Delirium Society

  2025cites this paper
• Delirium in the Geriatric Intermediate Care Unit in Ain-Shams University Hospitals.

  2025cites this paper
• The role of diabetes mellitus on delirium onset: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2025influential citation
• What is your next step? A case of how a misleading diagnosis can mask avoidable serious adverse effects of quetiapine.

  2025cites this paper
• Drug-associated delirium: basic pharmacologic principles and clinical considerations. A narrative review

  2025cites this paper
• Supportive Interventions Involving Family Carers of Patients With Delirium Superimposed on Dementia in Hospital: A Scoping Review

  2025cites this paper
• Association between nicotine-dependent patients and delirium in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study using a large clinical database

  2025cites this paper
• Assessing and Managing Pain in Dementias: Insights From Interdisciplinary Text Message Communications.

  2025cites this paper
• Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Delirium Pathophysiology and Treatment.

  2025cites this paper
• Strategies for prevention of postoperative delirium: Anesthesiology aspects

  2025cites this paper
• Managing geriatric syndromes in perioperative care - implications for anesthesia practice: A narrative review.

  2025cites this paper
• Predicting ICU Delirium in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Admission Data: A Machine Learning Approach

  2025cites this paper
• Nurses' Perceptions and Experiences of Paediatric Emergence Delirium in the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit: An Interpretative Qualitative Study.

  2025cites this paper
• Quand les tests d’urine pour exclure une infection causent plus de torts que de bien

  2024cites this paper
• Improving delirium assessments in acute senior health: A quality improvement project for care of the older person

  2024cites this paper
• Postoperative Altered Mental Status: A Case Report and Diagnostic Dilemma

  2024cites this paper
• When urine testing to rule out infection does more harm than good

  2024cites this paper
• LPS-induced delirium-like behavior and microglial activation in mice correlate with bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG)

  2024cites this paper
• Neurological Complications After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review

  2024influential citation
• Hemoglobin level, degree of mobilization, and pneumonia are associated with the development of postoperative delirium in cemented hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fracture

  2024influential citation
• Elderly patients with dysphagia in the intensive care unit: Association between malnutrition and delirium.

  2024cites this paper
• The Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in gastrointestinal surgery patients with and without postoperative delirium: Evidence of immune process in its pathophysiology.

  2024cites this paper
• A transient brain endothelial translatome response to endotoxin is associated with mild cognitive changes post-shock in young mice.

  2024cites this paper
• Intranasal administration of insulin on the incidence of postoperative delirium in middle-aged patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery (INIPOD-MOPS): a prospective double-blinded randomized control study protocol

  2024cites this paper
• The Relationship between Delirium and Dementia

  2024cites this paper
• Delirium in psychiatric settings: risk factors and assessment tools in patients with psychiatric illness: a scoping review

  2024cites this paper
• Modulating delirium through stimulation (MoDeSt): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial assessing the effect of postoperative transcranial electrical stimulation on delirium incidence

  2024cites this paper
• Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Patients Presented with Acute Confusional State (ACS) in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

  2024cites this paper
• Rethinking the role of trazodone in the different depressive dimensions

  2024cites this paper
• Antibiotics for delirium in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria: A systematic review

  2024cites this paper
• Delayed-Onset Hypnopompic Visual Hallucinations 20 Years After Initiation of Propranolol Therapy for Systemic Hypertension: A Case Report

  2024cites this paper
• FISIOPATOLOGIA E CONDUTA TERAPÊUTICA DO DELIRIUM: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

  2024cites this paper
• Associations Between COVID-19, Delirium, and 1-Year Mortality: Exploring Influences on Delirium Incidence in COVID-19 Patients

  2024cites this paper
• Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium following hepatic resection: a retrospective national inpatient sample database study

  2024cites this paper
• Interpretable machine learning model for early prediction of delirium in elderly patients following intensive care unit admission: a derivation and validation study

  2024cites this paper
• Clustering of Disease Trajectories with Explainable Machine Learning: A Case Study on Postoperative Delirium Phenotypes

  2024cites this paper
• Machine learning-based model to predict delirium in patients with advanced cancer treated with palliative care: a multicenter, patient-based registry cohort

  2024cites this paper
• The Role of Delirium on Short- and Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Gastrointestinal Surgery for Cancer

  2024cites this paper
• Association between residential greenness and incident delirium: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

  2024cites this paper
• Sleep and circadian biomarkers of postoperative delirium (SLEEP-POD): protocol for a prospective and observational cohort study

  2024cites this paper
• Validation of the Delirium Observation Screening Scale in long‐term care facilities in Flanders

  2024cites this paper
• A transient brain endothelial translatome response to endotoxin is associated with mild cognitive changes post-shock in young mice

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of a fall within three months of admission on delirium in critically Ill elderly patients: a population-based cohort study

  2024cites this paper
• Assessment of level of knowledge, attitude, and associated factors toward delirium among health professionals working in intensive care unit multicenter, cross-sectional study, Amhara region comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023

  2024cites this paper
• Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes hippocampal IL-1β transcription and cognitive impairments after low-dose lipopolysaccharide injection in aged mice

  2024cites this paper
• Uso de olanzapina por catéter subcutáneo para control de delirium de difícil manejo: reporte de caso

  2024cites this paper
• Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines

  2024cites this paper
• Sustained delirium reduction in an inpatient neuroscience unit.

  2024cites this paper
• Delirium pathophysiology in cancer: neurofilament light chain biomarker – narrative review

  2024cites this paper