PtrARF2.1 Is Involved in Regulation of Leaf Development and Lignin Biosynthesis in Poplar Trees

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important regulators modulating the expression of auxin-responsive genes in various biological processes in plants. In the Populus genome, a total of 39 ARF members have been identified, but their detailed functions are still unclear. In this study, six poplar auxin response factor 2 (PtrARF2) members were isolated from P. trichocarpa. Expression pattern analysis showed that PtrARF2.1 is highly expressed in leaf tissues compared with other PtrARF2 genes and significantly repressed by exogenous auxin treatment. PtrARF2.1 is a nuclear-localized protein without transcriptional activation activity. Knockdown of PtrARF2.1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in poplars led to the dwarf plant, altered leaf shape, and reduced size of the leaf blade, while overexpression of PtrARF2.1 resulted in a slight reduction in plant height and the similar leaf phenotype in contrast to the wildtype. Furthermore, histological staining analysis revealed an ectopic deposition of lignin in leaf veins and petioles of PtrARF2.1-RNAi lines. RNA-Seq analysis showed that 74 differential expression genes (DEGs) belonging to 12 transcription factor families, such as NAM, ATAF and CUC (NAC), v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), ethylene response factors (ERF) and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH), were identified in PtrARF2.1-RNAi leaves and other 24 DEGs were associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Altogether, the data indicate that PtrARF2.1 plays an important role in regulating leaf development and influences the lignin biosynthesis in poplars.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  International Journal of Molecular Sciences

• Publication date

  2019-08-24

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/ijms20174141PMID 31450644PMCID 6747521
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Transcriptional Responses to the Auxin Hormone.

  2016cited by this paper
• Hormones in tomato leaf development.

  2016cited by this paper
• PtoMYB92 is a Transcriptional Activator of the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway During Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Populus tomentosa.

  2015cited by this paper
• Auxin influx importers modulate serration along the leaf margin

  2015influential reference
• Auxin Response Factor SlARF2 Is an Essential Component of the Regulatory Mechanism Controlling Fruit Ripening in Tomato

  2015cited by this paper
• Regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis by poplar R2R3 MYB transcription factor PtrMYB152 in Arabidopsis

  2014cited by this paper
• Characterization of the Tomato ARF Gene Family Uncovers a Multi-Levels Post-Transcriptional Regulation Including Alternative Splicing

  2014influential reference
• Leaf development and morphogenesis

  2014cited by this paper
• Identification and expression analysis of twenty ARF genes in Populus.

  2014influential reference
• Diversity and specificity: auxin perception and signaling through the TIR1/AFB pathway.

  2014cited by this paper
• AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 integrates the functions of AGAMOUS and APETALA2 in floral meristem determinacy.

  2014cited by this paper
• The Poplar MYB Master Switches Bind to the SMRE Site and Activate the Secondary Wall Biosynthetic Program during Wood Formation

  2013cited by this paper
• Ptr-miR397a is a negative regulator of laccase genes affecting lignin content in Populus trichocarpa

  2013cited by this paper
• PIN1-Independent Leaf Initiation in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

  2012cited by this paper
• Inhibition of lamina outgrowth following Solanum lycopersicum AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 10 (SlARF10) derepression

  2012cited by this paper
• Local auxin biosynthesis regulation by PLETHORA transcription factors controls phyllotaxis in Arabidopsis

  2012cited by this paper
• A dominant mutation reveals asymmetry in MP/ARF5 function along the adaxial-abaxial axis of shoot lateral organs

  2012cited by this paper
• A novel, semi-dominant allele of MONOPTEROS provides insight into leaf initiation and vein pattern formation

  2012cited by this paper
• MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.

  2011cited by this paper
• Interactions between GA, auxin, and UNI expression controlling shoot ontogeny, leaf morphogenesis, and auxin response in Pisum sativum (Fabaceae): or how the uni-tac mutant is rescued.

  2011cited by this paper
• Model for the regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf margin development

  2011cited by this paper
• Dissection of the Transcriptional Program Regulating Secondary Wall Biosynthesis during Wood Formation in Poplar1[C][W][OA]

  2011cited by this paper
• Auxin response factor 2 (ARF2) plays a major role in regulating auxin-mediated leaf longevity

  2010influential reference
• Auxin signal transduction in Arabidopsis vein formation

  2010cited by this paper
• How a Plant Builds Leaves

  2010cited by this paper
• The chitinase gene (Bbchit1) from Beauveria bassiana enhances resistance to Cytospora chrysosperma in Populus tomentosa Carr.

  2010cited by this paper
• Biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling pathway of auxin in plants.

  2009cited by this paper
• A Versatile Zero Background T-Vector System for Gene Cloning and Functional Genomics1[C][W][OA]

  2009cited by this paper
• Repression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR10 by microRNA160 is critical for seed germination and post-germination stages.

  2007cited by this paper
• Genome-wide analysis of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families in Populus trichocarpa

  2007cited by this paper
• Populus trichocarpa MONOPTEROS/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5 ( ARF5 ) genes: comparative structure, sub-functionalization, and Populus - Arabidopsis microsynteny

  2007cited by this paper
• NPY1, a BTB-NPH3-like protein, plays a critical role in auxin-regulated organogenesis in Arabidopsis

  2007cited by this paper
• The E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER controls arabidopsis organ size in a dosage-dependent manner.

  2006cited by this paper
• The Genome of Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)

  2006cited by this paper
• Trans-acting siRNA-mediated repression of ETTIN and ARF4 regulates heteroblasty in Arabidopsis

  2006cited by this paper
• The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs

  2005cited by this paper
• AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

  2005cited by this paper
• The F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor

  2005cited by this paper
• The Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor

  2005cited by this paper
• Auxin Response Factors Mediate Arabidopsis Organ Asymmetry via Modulation of KANADI Activityw⃞

  2005cited by this paper
• MicroRNA-Directed Regulation of Arabidopsis AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 Is Essential for Proper Development and Modulates Expression of Early Auxin Response Genesw⃞

  2005cited by this paper
• AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2): a pleiotropic developmental regulator.

  2005cited by this paper
• Aux/IAA Proteins Contain a Potent Transcriptional Repression Domain

  2004cited by this paper
• Studies on the role of the Arabidopsis gene MONOPTEROS in vascular development and plant cell axialization

  2004cited by this paper
• Convergence of signaling pathways in the control of differential cell growth in Arabidopsis.

  2004cited by this paper
• Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport

  2003cited by this paper
• The Roles of Auxin Response Factor Domains in Auxin-Responsive Transcription Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.008417.

  2003cited by this paper
• Down-regulation of DR12, an auxin-response-factor homolog, in the tomato results in a pleiotropic phenotype including dark green and blotchy ripening fruit.

  2002cited by this paper
• Auxin Signaling Involves Regulated Protein Degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway

  2001cited by this paper
• Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

  2001cited by this paper
• Roles and activities of Aux/IAA proteins in Arabidopsis.

  2001cited by this paper
• Extraction and isolation of lignin for utilization as a standard to determine lignin concentration using the acetyl bromide spectrophotometric method.

  2001cited by this paper
• Auxin Response Factors

  2001influential reference
• Activation and repression of transcription by auxin-response factors.

  1999cited by this paper
• An improved acetyl bromide procedure for determining lignin in woods and wood pulps

  1988cited by this paper

• Bi-functional transcription factor FnZHD9 regulates leaf curling and drought resistance in fragaria nilgerrensis

  2026cites this paper
• PbMADS49 Regulates Lignification During Stone Cell Development in ‘Dangshansuli’ (Pyrus bretschneideri) Fruit

  2025influential citation
• Transcription factor PsnERF1 regulates leaf morphological development in poplar

  2025cites this paper
• PagMIR166c targets PagECH2 to regulate cambial differentiation into secondary xylem, cell expansion, and lignin deposition via different auxin signaling pathways in poplar stems

  2025cites this paper
• Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants

  2025cites this paper
• Characterization of Walls Are Thin 1 Family in Cucumis sativus and Functional Identification of CsWAT1-20 in Response to Podosphaera xanthii

  2025cites this paper
• Multi-omics analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation and function of heteromorphic leaves in Populus.

  2023cites this paper
• Sweet potato NAC transcription factor NAC43 negatively regulates plant growth by causing leaf curling and reducing photosynthetic efficiency

  2023cites this paper
• SCL14 Inhibits the Functions of the NAC043–MYB61 Signaling Cascade to Reduce the Lignin Content in Autotetraploid Populus hopeiensis

  2023cites this paper
• Fusion gene 4CL-CCR promotes lignification in tobacco suspension cells

  2023cites this paper
• Auxin inhibits lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit via the PbrARF13‐PbrNSC‐PbrMYB132 transcriptional regulatory cascade

  2023cites this paper
• Genome-wide identification of auxin-responsive microRNAs in the poplar stem

  2023cites this paper
• Variable lignin structure revealed in Populus leaves

  2023cites this paper
• Phenotypic Differences of Leaves and Transcriptome Analysis of Fraxinus mandshurica × Fraxinus sogdiana F1 Variety

  2023cites this paper
• ARF2 positively regulates flavonols and proanthocyanidins biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

  2022cites this paper
• The HD-Zip transcription factor GhHB12 represses plant height by regulating the auxin signaling in cotton

  2022cites this paper
• Physcomitrium patens CAD1 has distinct roles in growth and resistance to biotic stress

  2022cites this paper
• Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal that the MsNST1 gene affects lignin synthesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

  2022cites this paper
• Overexpression of Pennisetum purpureum CCoAOMT Contributes to Lignin Deposition and Drought Tolerance by Promoting the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco

  2022cites this paper
• Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L.

  2022cites this paper
• Association of gene expression with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio in sugarcane lignin

  2021cites this paper
• Advances in the role of auxin for transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis.

  2021cites this paper
• Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees

  2021cites this paper
• Genome-Wide Identi cation and Expression Analysis of The BHLH Transcription Factor Family and Its Response to Abiotic Stress in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]

  2021cites this paper
• Leaf Size Development Differences and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Two Poplar Genotypes

  2021cites this paper
• Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bHLH transcription factor family and its response to abiotic stress in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

  2021cites this paper
• Knockout of Auxin Response Factor SlARF4 Improves Tomato Resistance to Water Deficit

  2021cites this paper
• Isolation and functional identification of a Botrytis cinerea-responsive caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene from Lilium regale wilson.

  2020cites this paper
• HbARF2 and HbARF16.3 function as negative regulators for the radial trunk growth of rubber tree

  2020cites this paper
• Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bHLH Transcription Factor Family and Its Response to Abiotic Stress in Mongolian Oak ( Quercus mongolica )

  year unknowncites this paper