Cellular Correlates of Long-Term Sensitization inAplysia

Although in vitro analyses of long-term changes in the sensorimotor connection of Aplysia have been used extensively to understand long-term sensitization, relatively little is known about the ways in which the connection is modified by learningin vivo. Moreover, sites other than the sensory neurons might be modified as well. In this paper, several different biophysical properties of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and LPl17, an identified interneuron, were examined. Membrane properties of sensory neurons, which were expressed as increased excitability and increased spike afterdepolarization, were affected by the training. The biophysical properties of motor neurons also were affected by training, resulting in hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a decrease in spike threshold. These results suggest that motor neurons are potential loci for storage of the memory in sensitization. The strength of the connection between sensory and motor neurons was affected by the training, although the connection between LPl17 and the motor neuron was unaffected. Biophysical properties of LPl17 were unaffected by training. The results emphasize the importance of plasticity at sensory–motor synapses and are consistent with the idea that there are multiple sites of plasticity distributed throughout the nervous system.

• Publication year

  1998

• Venue

  Journal of Neuroscience

• Publication date

  1998-08-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05988.1998PMID 9671684PMCID PMC6793056
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Realistic simulation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex circuit: roles of circuit elements in producing motor output.

  1997cited by this paper
• Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia

  1997cited by this paper
• Role of transforming growth factor-beta in long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia.

  1997cited by this paper
• Toward a molecular definition of long-term memory storage.

  1996cited by this paper
• Recovery of function, peripheral sensitization and sensory neurone activation by novel pathways following axonal injury in Aplysia californica.

  1995cited by this paper
• Structure of the network mediating siphon-elicited siphon withdrawal in Aplysia.

  1995cited by this paper
• A single identified interneuron gates tail-shock induced inhibition in the siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia

  1995cited by this paper
• Modulation of an inhibitory interneuron in the neural circuitry for the tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia.

  1995cited by this paper
• Cutaneous activation of the inhibitory L30 interneurons provides a mechanism for regulating adaptive gain control in the siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia

  1995cited by this paper
• Role of interneurons in defensive withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia.

  1995cited by this paper
• Neural analogue of long-term sensitization training produces long-term (24 and 48 h) facilitation of the sensory-to-motor neuron connection in Aplysia.

  1994cited by this paper
• Comparative analysis of hyperexcitability and synaptic facilitation induced by nerve injury in two populations of mechanosensory neurones of Aplysia californica.

  1994cited by this paper
• Identification and characterization of pleural neurons that inhibit tail sensory neurons and motor neurons in Aplysia: correlation with FMRFamide immunoreactivity

  1994cited by this paper
• The role of interneurons in controlling the tail-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia: a network model.

  1993cited by this paper
• Bag cell extract inhibits tail-siphon withdrawal reflex, suppresses long-term but not short-term sensitization, and attenuates sensory-to- motor neuron synapses in Aplysia

  1993cited by this paper
• Identification and characterization of a multifunction neuron contributing to defensive arousal in Aplysia.

  1993influential reference
• Long-term synaptic facilitation in the absence of short-term facilitation in Aplysia neurons.

  1993cited by this paper
• Contribution of polysynaptic pathways in the mediation and plasticity of Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex: evidence for differential modulation

  1992cited by this paper
• Inhibitory neuron produces heterosynaptic inhibition of the sensory-to-motor neuron synapse in Aplysia.

  1992cited by this paper
• Serotoninergic varicosities make synaptic contacts with pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia

  1991cited by this paper
• Serotonergic modulation of two potassium currents in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia.

  1989cited by this paper
• Inhibitor of protein synthesis blocks long-term behavioral sensitization in the isolated gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia.

  1989cited by this paper
• Long-term sensitization in Aplysia increases the number of presynaptic contacts onto the identified gill motor neuron L7.

  1988cited by this paper
• Long-term facilitation in Aplysia involves increase in transmitter release.

  1988cited by this paper
• Parallel processing of short-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia.

  1988cited by this paper
• Serotonin produces long-term changes in the excitability of Aplysia sensory neurons in culture that depend on new protein synthesis

  1987cited by this paper
• Long-term sensitization in Aplysia: biophysical correlates in tail sensory neurons.

  1987influential reference
• Quantitative analysis of the relation between gill amplitude and siphon duration in the defensive withdrawal reflex of Aplysia.

  1987cited by this paper
• Multiple sensory neuronal correlates of site-specific sensitization in Aplysia

  1987influential reference
• Facilitatory transmitters and cAMP can modulate accommodation as well as transmitter release in Aplysia sensory neurons: Evidence for parallel processing in a single cell.

  1986cited by this paper
• A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia.

  1986cited by this paper
• Monosynaptic connections made by the sensory neurons of the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia participate in the storage of long-term memory for sensitization.

  1985influential reference
• Protein synthesis and memory: a review.

  1984cited by this paper
• Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. I. Response properties and synaptic connections.

  1983influential reference
• Biophysical mechanisms contributing to inking behavior in Aplysia.

  1979influential reference
• Cellular analysis of long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica.

  1978cited by this paper
• Long-Term Sensitization of a Defensive Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia

  1973cited by this paper
• Acquisition and Retention of Long-Term Habituation in Aplysia: Correlation of Behavioral and Cellular Processes

  1973cited by this paper
• Long-Term Habituation of a Defensive Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia

  1972cited by this paper
• Abolition of nerve sheath contraction by glutaraldehyde.

  1968influential reference

• Effects of training protocols that do not induce long-term sensitization on the expression of long-term feeding suppression in Aplysia.

  2025cites this paper
• Transcriptional Changes Fade Prior to Long-Term Memory for Sensitization of the Aplysia Siphon-Withdrawal Reflex

  2025cites this paper
• Long-term dynamic profiles of cognitive kinases induced by different learning protocols

  2025cites this paper
• Evidence of Active-Forgetting Mechanisms? Blocking Arachidonic Acid Release May Slow Forgetting of Sensitization in Aplysia

  2024cites this paper
• Role of serotonin in the lack of sensitization caused by prolonged food deprivation in Aplysia.

  2023cites this paper
• Changes in the Electrical Characteristics of Premotor Interneurons and Serotonin-Containing Modulator Snail Neurons upon Developing a Contextual Conditioned Reflex and Its Reconsolidation

  2023cites this paper
• The molecular memory code and synaptic plasticity: A synthesis

  2022cites this paper
• Dynamics and Mechanisms of ERK Activation after Different Protocols that Induce Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia

  2022cites this paper
• Fear conditioning in invertebrates

  2022cites this paper
• Dynamics and mechanisms of ERK activation after different protocols that induce long-term facilitation in Aplysia

  2022cites this paper
• Using an invertebrate model to investigate the mechanisms of short-term memory deficits induced by food deprivation.

  2021cites this paper
• Aplysia Neurons as a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Shared Genes and Differential Expression

  2021cites this paper
• Quantitative description of the interactions among kinase cascades underlying long-term plasticity of Aplysia sensory neurons

  2021cites this paper
• Sensitized by a sea slug: site-specific short-term and general long-term sensitization in Aplysia following Navanax attack.

  2021cites this paper
• Critical role of protein kinase G in the long-term balance between defensive and appetitive behaviors induced by aversive stimuli in Aplysia.

  2020influential citation
• Postsynaptic effects of Aplysia cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor in the induction of activity-dependent long-term facilitation in Aplysia californica

  2020cites this paper
• Effects of Thryptophan Hydroxylase Blockade by P-Chlorophenylalanine on Contextual Memory Reconsolidation after Training of Different Intensity

  2020cites this paper
• Computational model of the distributed representation of operant reward memory: combinatoric engagement of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity mechanisms

  2020cites this paper
• SK2 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to excitability modulation in motor-learning–specific memory traces

  2020cites this paper
• Role of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase in long-term synaptic facilitation and enhanced neuronal excitability

  2020cites this paper
• Role of nitric oxide in the induction of the behavioral and cellular changes produced by a common aversive stimulus in Aplysia

  2019influential citation
• Is plasticity of synapses the mechanism of long-term memory storage?

  2019cites this paper
• How can memories last for days, years, or a lifetime? Proposed mechanisms for maintaining synaptic potentiation and memory

  2019cites this paper
• Changes in cerebellar intrinsic neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity result from eyeblink conditioning.

  2019cites this paper
• Behavioural and genetic dissociation of faciliatatory processes in Caenorhabditis elegans

  2018cites this paper
• Savings memory is accompanied by transcriptional changes that persist beyond the decay of recall

  2018cites this paper
• Effects of internal and external factors on the budgeting between defensive and non‐defensive responses in Aplysia

  2018influential citation
• Effects of Serotonin Receptor Antagonist Methiothepin on Membrane Potential of Premotor Interneurons of Naïve and Learned Snails

  2018cites this paper
• Non-associative learning processes in vestibular nucleus

  2018cites this paper
• Transcriptional changes before and after forgetting of a long‐term sensitization memory in Aplysia californica

  2018cites this paper
• Nociceptive Biology of Molluscs and Arthropods: Evolutionary Clues About Functions and Mechanisms Potentially Related to Pain

  2018cites this paper
• RNA from Trained Aplysia Can Induce an Epigenetic Engram for Long-Term Sensitization in Untrained Aplysia

  2018influential citation
• Responses of Withdrawal Interneurons to Serotonin Applications in Naïve and Learned Snails Are Different

  2017cites this paper
• Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Memory in Mollusks

  2017cites this paper
• CHARACTERIZATION AND REVERSAL OF DOXORUBICIN-MEDIATED CHANGES IN SENSORY NEURONS

  2017influential citation
• Cell-Specific PKM Isoforms Contribute to the Maintenance of Different Forms of Persistent Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity

  2017cites this paper
• Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia decreases the excitability of a decision-making neuron through a sodium-dependent mechanism

  2017cites this paper
• Transcriptional correlates of memory maintenance following long-term sensitization of Aplysia californica

  2017cites this paper
• Superior long-term synaptic memory induced by combining dual pharmacological activation of PKA and ERK with an enhanced training protocol

  2017cites this paper
• A novel in vitro analog expressing learning-induced cellular correlates in distinct neural circuits

  2017influential citation
• Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability as a Mechanism for Memory Storage

  2017cites this paper
• Characterization and reversal of Doxorubicin-mediated biphasic activation of ERK and persistent excitability in sensory neurons of Aplysia californica

  2017cites this paper
• Influence of a Nitric Oxide Donor on Electrical Characteristics of the Premotor Interneurons of Terrestrial Snails

  2016cites this paper
• Nonassociative learning implementation by a single memristor-based multi-terminal synaptic device.

  2016cites this paper
• Stochasticity and bifurcations in a reduced model with interlinked positive and negative feedback loops of CREB1 and CREB2 stimulated by 5-HT.

  2016cites this paper
• Serotonin Modulation of Premotor Interneuron Excitability in the Snail during Associative Learning

  2016cites this paper
• Serotonin Modulation of Premotor Interneuron Excitability in the Snail during Associative Learning

  2016cites this paper
• Influence of a Nitric Oxide Donor on Electrical Characteristics of the Premotor Interneurons of Terrestrial Snails

  2016cites this paper
• Eat or be eaten? Modifications of Aplysia californica feeding behaviour in response to natural aversive stimuli

  2016cites this paper
• Aging in Sensory and Motor Neurons Results in Learning Failure in Aplysia californica

  2015cites this paper
• Nonassociative learning in invertebrates.

  2015cites this paper
• Bifurcation analysis of a delay differential equation model associated with the induction of long-term memory

  2015cites this paper
• Adaptations of motoneuron properties to chronic compensatory muscle overload.

  2015cites this paper
• Latent memory facilitates relearning through molecular signaling mechanisms that are distinct from original learning.

  2015cites this paper
• Neurons Following Axotomy Sensory Aplysia and Passive Membrane Properties in Long-Term Alteration of S-Type Potassium Current

  2015cites this paper
• Modulation of defensive reflex conditioning in snails by serotonin

  2015cites this paper
• Lymnaea in of an Operantly Conditioned Behavior Changes in the Activity of a CPG Neuron After the

  2015cites this paper
• cJun and CREB2 in the Postsynaptic Neuron Contribute to Persistent Long-Term Facilitation at a Behaviorally Relevant Synapse

  2015cites this paper
• Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms

  2014cites this paper
• Modeling and Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathways

  2014cites this paper
• Doxorubicin Attenuates Serotonin-Induced Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation by Phosphorylation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

  2014cites this paper
• Behavioral aging is associated with reduced sensory neuron excitability in Aplysia californica

  2014influential citation
• Immediate and Persistent Transcriptional Correlates of Long-Term Sensitization Training at Different CNS Loci in Aplysia californica

  2014influential citation
• Memory (Mechanisms Other than LTP)

  2014cites this paper
• Characterization of the rapid transcriptional response to long-term sensitization training in Aplysia californica.

  2014cites this paper
• Persistent Long-Term Facilitation at an Identified Synapse Becomes Labile with Activation of Short-Term Heterosynaptic Plasticity

  2014cites this paper
• Connecting model species to nature: predator-induced long-term sensitization in Aplysia californica

  2014influential citation
• Age-related changes in the nervous system of Aplysia californica

  2014cites this paper
• Synaptic Mechanisms of Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Sensitization Memory in Aplysia

  2013cites this paper
• Chapter 14 - A Systems Analysis of Neural Networks Underlying Gastropod Learning and Memory

  2013cites this paper
• Deficit in Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity Is Rescued by a Computationally Predicted Stimulus Protocol

  2013cites this paper
• ICA Applied to VSD Imaging of Invertebrate Neuronal Networks

  2012cites this paper
• Rapid and persistent suppression of feeding behavior induced by sensitization training in Aplysia.

  2012influential citation
• Localization of molecular correlates of memory consolidation to buccal ganglia mechanoafferent neurons after learning that food is inedible in Aplysia.

  2012cites this paper
• Transcriptional Changes following Long-Term Sensitization Training and In Vivo Serotonin Exposure in Aplysia californica

  2012cites this paper
• Effects of aversive stimuli beyond defensive neural circuits: reduced excitability in an identified neuron critical for feeding in Aplysia.

  2012cites this paper
• Serotonin-Mediated Synapsin Expression Is Necessary for Long-Term Facilitation of the Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapse

  2011cites this paper
• Computational Design of Enhanced Learning Protocols

  2011cites this paper
• Protein degradation and memory formation.

  2011cites this paper
• Serotonin regulates voltage-dependent currents in type I(e(A)) and I(i) interneurons of Hermissenda.

  2011cites this paper
• ROLE OF SYNAPSIN IN LONG-TERM SYNAPTIC FACILITATION IN APLYSIA

  2011influential citation
• The Requirement for Enhanced CREB1 Expression in Consolidation of Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation and Long-Term Excitability in Sensory Neurons of Aplysia

  2011influential citation
• Nociceptive behavior and physiology of molluscs: animal welfare implications.

  2011cites this paper
• The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is mediated centrally at tail sensory-motor synapses and exhibits sensitization across multiple temporal domains.

  2011influential citation
• Critical role of the circadian clock in memory formation: lessons from Aplysia

  2011cites this paper
• Serotonin- and training-induced dynamic regulation of CREB2 in Aplysia.

  2011cites this paper
• Homeostatic plasticity - computational and clinical implications

  2010cites this paper
• Intraspinally mediated state‐dependent enhancement of motoneurone excitability during fictive scratch in the adult decerebrate cat

  2010cites this paper
• More than synaptic plasticity: role of nonsynaptic plasticity in learning and memory.

  2010cites this paper
• Lobster Attack Induces Sensitization in the Sea Hare, Aplysia californica

  2010cites this paper
• Long-lasting synaptic potentiation induced by depolarization under conditions that eliminate detectable Ca2+ signals.

  2010cites this paper
• [Influence of terahertz (submillimeter) laser radiation on neurons in vitro].

  2009cites this paper
• ÇãàüçàÖ çÄ çÖâêéçõ IN VITRO íÖêÄÉÖêñéÇéÉé (ëìÅåàããàåÖíêéÇéÉé) ãÄáÖêçéÉé àáãìóÖçàü

  2009cites this paper
• 5-HT and GABA modulate intrinsic excitability of type I interneurons in Hermissenda.

  2009cites this paper
• Changes in Electrical Properties of Command Neurons during Protective Effect of Low Doses of Antibodies to S100 Protein on the Development of Long-Term Sensitization in Helix lucorum

  2009cites this paper
• New tricks for an old slug: the critical role of postsynaptic mechanisms in learning and memory in Aplysia.

  2008cites this paper
• 4.03 – Sensitization and Habituation: Invertebrate

  2008cites this paper
• The Kv4.2 mediates excitatory activity‐dependent regulation of neuronal excitability in rat cortical neurons

  2008cites this paper
• Training with inedible food in Aplysia causes expression of C/EBP in the buccal but not cerebral ganglion.

  2008cites this paper
• Synaptic remodeling, synaptic growth and the storage of long-term memory in Aplysia.

  2008cites this paper