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The Onset and Maintenance of Human Lactation and its Endocrine Regulation

A. Sadovnikova,J. Wysolmerski,R. Hovey

Published 2020 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lactation is a defining aspect of mammalian reproduction that requires a mother to undergo demanding and fascinating physiological changes that support the survival and growth of her newborn. A mother’s preparation for milk production begins as early as during her own fetal development, when epithelial tissue first develops within the breasts, and continues through puberty and adulthood, as the breast epithelium reaches sexual maturity. The epithelial tissue of the breast fully differentiates only in response to the pronounced endocrine changes of pregnancy. However, the onset of copious milk secretion remains blocked until after parturition, when progesterone levels drop following expulsion of the placenta. As lactation becomes established, a mother’s body must respond to meet the extensive nutritional demands of milk production through various adaptations, including increased food intake, the mobilization of fat and bone stores, and increased glucose production. In this chapter, we summarize the key events during breast growth, lactation and maternal adaptation, and their endocrine regulation.

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