What Is Lyme Disease?

This JAMA Patient Page describes the tick-borne infection Lyme disease and its signs, symptoms, and complications; diagnosis and treatment; and prevention measures.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)

• Publication date

  2025-08-25

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.13708PMID 40853565
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: A Review.

  2016cited by this paper

• Targeting of interaction between BB0323-BB0238 informs new paradigms in Lyme disease therapeutics

  2026cites this paper
• Sex and menopause-based differences in presentation of early Lyme disease: A prospective cohort study

  2026cites this paper
• Uncommon Neuro-Ophthalmologic Findings in Pediatric Lyme Disease

  2026influential citation
• Painful Rash Behind Knee.

  2026cites this paper
• Late Lyme neuroborreliosis presenting with tremor and gait impairment

  2026cites this paper
• Bannwarth Syndrome in a Patient With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Atypical Manifestation of Lyme Neuroborreliosis

  2026cites this paper
• Making the best of a sticky situation: Infection-mediated endothelial activation promotes new interactions with adhesins of the host-adapted Lyme disease spirochete

  2026cites this paper
• Current perspectives on Lyme Disease

  2025cites this paper
• Increased Borrelia burgdorferi Seroprevalence in Nova Scotia—Prevalence and Distribution 10 Years Later

  2025cites this paper
• Polyvalent mRNA vaccine targeting outer surface protein C affords multi-strain protection against Lyme disease

  2025cites this paper
• Early brain changes in Lyme disease are associated with clinical outcomes

  2025cites this paper
• Neuroretinitis and chorioretinitis in a cat-scratched young boy: a case report

  2025cites this paper
• A tale of 2 teammates

  2025cites this paper
• Does this patient have Lyme disease?

  2025cites this paper
• An occupational perspective of individuals living with Lyme disease: a qualitative descriptive survey

  2025cites this paper
• Case report of ischemic stroke in a child secondary to neuroborreliosis

  2025cites this paper
• Pathology of the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Beyond the usual suspects

  2025cites this paper
• Ticking Time Bomb: The Escalating Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in Rural Farming Communities

  2025cites this paper
• Of Lyme disease and machine learning in a One Health world.

  2025cites this paper
• Pathogenic Bacteria Detection in Parasitic Fleas — Jiangxi Province, China, 2023

  2025cites this paper
• Mechanistic insights into the structure-based design of a CspZ-targeting Lyme disease vaccine

  2025cites this paper
• Impacto de las garrapatas y hemoparásitos en la salud productiva de los bovinos

  2025cites this paper
• FACE DROPS

  2025cites this paper
• Proportion of confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis cases among adult patients with suspected early European Lyme neuroborreliosis

  2025cites this paper
• Lactate dehydrogenase is the Achilles’ heel of Lyme disease bacterium Borreliella burgdorferi

  2025cites this paper
• Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer

  2025cites this paper
• Lyme Borreliosis Incidence Across Europe, 2015–2023: A Surveillance-Based Review and Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Pathogens in the garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus

  2025cites this paper
• Comparison of the Serodiagnostic Accuracy Tests for Lyme Disease in Adults and Children: A Network Meta-Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Comparative Explainable AI for Lyme Disease Detection Using Hybrid Fusion Model Classification Against SVM for GradCAM Dermatological Image Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Doxycycline - a needless concern for pediatricians?

  2025cites this paper
• Neuroimaging of Central Nervous System Infections

  2025cites this paper
• The role of deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena and Neolipoptena) in occupational and public health

  2025cites this paper
• Long-term survival of Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi in C3H/HeJ mice and their effect on Lyme arthritis and babesiosis manifestations

  2025cites this paper
• Quantifying the Public Health Impact of Lyme Disease in Minnesota: A Simulation Analysis of Reported and Unreported Cases

  2025cites this paper
• Lyme borreliosis risk perceptions, disease knowledge, and training among at-risk groups

  2025influential citation
• Distribution pattern and diversity of Borrelia spp. detected from ticks in Niigata prefecture, Japan

  2025cites this paper
• Borrelia surface proteins: new horizons in Lyme disease diagnosis

  2025cites this paper
• Sudden Death With Lyme Disease Myocarditis

  2025cites this paper
• Fluorescent bead-based multiplex assays improve serological disease diagnostics and have potential of identifying sensitive immune biomarkers for maintaining health and performance.

  2025cites this paper
• Broad-scale ecological niches of pathogens vectored by the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum in North America

  2024cites this paper
• IL-26 Increases Sensing of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by Human Toll-like Receptor 9

  2024cites this paper
• Lyme disease in companion animals: an updated state-of-art and current situation in Portugal

  2024cites this paper
• Tick-borne diseases in the US.

  2024cites this paper
• Lyme borreliosis - review of the diagnosis and management in the multidisciplinary tick-borne disease

  2024cites this paper
• Lyme Disease Under-Ascertainment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Retrospective Study

  2024cites this paper
• Elevated Ambient Carbon Dioxide Levels Induce Attraction but Not Attachment of Adult Ixodes scapularis in Artificial Membrane Feeding

  2024cites this paper
• Paralysie faciale bilatérale : une présentation atypique d’une maladie de Lyme (cas clinique)

  2024influential citation
• Borrelia burgdorferi

  2024cites this paper
• Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017

  2024cites this paper
• Tweet tweet tick: a quantitative content analysis of risk communication about ticks on Twitter

  2024cites this paper
• A Comprehensive Review of Lyme Disease: A Focus on Cardiovascular Manifestations

  2024cites this paper
• Perinatal transmission of Lyme disease: A qualitative study investigating the research priorities of patients with Lyme disease in pregnancy

  2024cites this paper
• Bacterial agents (3rd section)

  2024cites this paper
• Case presentation and management of Lyme disease patients: a 9-year retrospective analysis in France

  2024cites this paper
• Discrepancy between IDSA and ESGBOR in Lyme disease: Individual participant meta‐analysis in Türkiye

  2024cites this paper
• Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis Presenting With Negative Anti-GM1 and Anti-GQ1B Antibodies

  2024cites this paper
• Trending ticks: using Google Trends data to understand tickborne disease prevention

  2024cites this paper
• [Is erythema always celullitis? The migratory erithema. A case report].

  2024cites this paper
• Retrograde and semantic amnesia in a case of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: did something lead to a psychogenic memory loss? A single-case study

  2024cites this paper
• The Quality of Life among Patients with Lyme Disease – a Cross Sectional Study

  2024cites this paper
• Rapid single-tier serodiagnosis of Lyme disease

  2024cites this paper
• HLA‐DR–Expressing Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes Are Inducible Antigen Presenting Cells That Present Autoantigens in Lyme Arthritis

  2024cites this paper
• Lyme borreliosis in Ivano-Frankivsk district, Ukraine: a epidemiological and clinical characteristics (2000-2022).

  2024cites this paper
• Dysphagia due to Lyme Disease: A Case Report

  2024cites this paper
• Historical Summary of Tick and Animal Surveillance Studies for Lyme Disease in Canada, 1975–2023: A Scoping Review

  2024cites this paper
• NEUROPSICHIATRINĖ LAIMO LIGOS PATOFIZIOLOGIJA IR DIAGNOSTIKA

  2024cites this paper
• Characteristics of Lyme Disease in Korea between 2019 and 2023

  2024cites this paper
• LAIMO LIGA – DIAGNOSTIKOS IR GYDYMO YPATUMAI

  2024cites this paper
• AI and Lyme Disease: Pioneering Advances in Diagnostic Accuracy

  2024cites this paper
• Infective agents and polymyalgia rheumatica: key discussion points emerging from a narrative review of published literature

  2024cites this paper
• Vector-Borne Zoonotic Lymphadenitis—The Causative Agents, Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approach, and Therapeutic Possibilities—An Overview

  2024cites this paper
• Borrelia PeptideAtlas: A proteome resource of common Borrelia burgdorferi isolates for Lyme research

  2024cites this paper
• Suppression of host humoral immunity by Borrelia burgdorferi varies over the course of infection

  2024cites this paper
• Severe myopathy in a patient with chronic neurological disease – diagnostic challenges

  2023cites this paper
• Epidemiological and Molecular Study on Tick-Borne Pathogens in Argun Port Area Near the Chinese–Russian Border

  2023cites this paper
• Borrelia burgdorferi engages mammalian type I interferon responses via the cGAS-STING pathway

  2023cites this paper
• Knowledge, protection behaviours and seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in inhabitants of Lublin Province, eastern Poland - evaluation of a prophylaxis programme.

  2023cites this paper
• Host adaptation drives genetic diversity in a vector-borne disease system

  2023cites this paper
• Novel computational and drug design strategies for inhibition of monkeypox virus and Babesia microti: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and drug design approach by natural compounds

  2023cites this paper
• Development of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine against Lyme disease

  2023cites this paper
• Lyme Disease and Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome: Current and Developing Treatment Options

  2023cites this paper
• Two Insects, Two Bites, One Patient: A Lyme Disease and Jamestown Canyon Co-infection

  2023cites this paper
• Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Clinically Healthy and Sick Horses: First Report from the Czech Republic

  2023cites this paper
• A Longitudinal Study of a Large Clinical Cohort of Patients with Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Co-Infections Treated with Combination Antibiotics

  2023cites this paper
• Lyme borreliosis – state of the knowledge among medical students

  2023cites this paper
• Tick Densities and Infection Prevalence on Coastal Islands in Massachusetts, USA: Establishing a Baseline

  2023cites this paper
• Single-tier point-of-care serodiagnosis of Lyme disease

  2023cites this paper
• What does environmental justice look like in Vermont? Centering perspectives from the margins

  2023influential citation
• Classical Borrelia Serology Does Not Aid in the Diagnosis of Persistent Symptoms Attributed to Lyme Borreliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

  2023cites this paper
• A portable immunosensor provides sensitive and rapid detection of Borrelia burgdorferi antigen in spiked blood

  2023cites this paper
• Concurrent infection of human brain with multiple species of Lyme disease spirochetes

  2023cites this paper
• Detection, identification and genotyping of Borrelia spp. in ticks of Coastal-Karst and Littoral-Inner Carniola regions in Slovenia.

  2023influential citation
• Synergistic attraction of Western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, to CO2 and odorant emissions from deer-associated microbes

  2023cites this paper
• Spatial autocorrelation mixtures in geospatial disease data: An important global epidemiologic/public health assessment ingredient?

  2023cites this paper
• Clinical manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis in children: a review

  2023cites this paper
• Evaluation of the Rapid Quidel Sofia 2 Lyme Immunoassay as a First-Tier Test in a Two-Tier Testing Algorithm for Lyme Disease: Comparison to the Zeus ELISA Borrelia VlsE1/pepC10 IgG/IgM Assay Followed by Immunoblot.

  2023cites this paper
• An In-Depth Review of the Benefits of Antibiotic Use in the Treatment of Borreliosis in Pregnancy

  2023cites this paper
• Impacts Over Time of Neighborhood-Scale Interventions to Control Ticks and Tick-Borne Disease Incidence

  2023cites this paper
• Epidemiological Survey on Tick-Borne Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in Dog Populations of Southern Ethiopia

  2023cites this paper