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Structures of quadruplex nucleic acids and their drug complexes

Loutfy H. Madkour

Published 2019 in Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy

ABSTRACT

Abstract Quadruplex nucleic acids may be defined as higher order structures formed by DNA or RNA sequences containing at least one contiguous tract of guanine nucleotides. More recent interest in the diverse structures formed by them has been catalyzed by the knowledge that they have highly distinctive features and thus may have utility as therapeutic targets with inherently greater selectivity than duplex DNA. The principal categories of quadruplex arrangement, quadruplex ligand complexes, and genomic quadruplexes are discussed. More recently, intermolecular hybrid DNA:RNA quadruplex structures (HQ) have attracted increasing interest owing to the fact that HQ motifs, which only require two stretches of guanine repeats from both DNA and RNA strands to fold, could be more abundant than either DNA or RNA G4. However, most compounds assembled to date exhibit insufficient specificity for a particular G4 topology. G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures formed by guanine-rich nucleic acids in the presence of certain cations (typically Na+ and K+).

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