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Liquid-like protein interactions catalyze assembly of endocytic vesicles

Kasey J. Daya,Grace Kagob,Liping Wangc,J. B. Richterc,Carl C. Haydena,M. Eileen,Laferc,Jeanne C. Stachowiaka

Published 2019 in Nature Cell Biology

ABSTRACT

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, dozens of proteins assemble into an interconnected network at the plasma membrane. As initiators of endocytosis, Eps15 and Fcho1/2 concentrate downstream components, while permitting dynamic rearrangement within the budding vesicle. How do initiator proteins meet these competing demands? Here we show that Eps15 and Fcho1/2 rely on weak, liquid-like interactions to catalyse endocytosis. In vitro, these weak interactions promote the assembly of protein droplets with liquid-like properties. To probe the physiological role of these liquid-like networks, we tuned the strength of initiator protein assembly in real time using light-inducible oligomerization of Eps15. Low light levels drove liquid-like assemblies, restoring normal rates of endocytosis in mammalian Eps15-knockout cells. By contrast, initiator proteins formed solid-like assemblies upon exposure to higher light levels, which stalled vesicle budding, probably owing to insufficient molecular rearrangement. These findings suggest that liquid-like assembly of initiator proteins provides an optimal catalytic platform for endocytosis. Phase separation promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis; Day et al. show that Eps15 and Fcho1 rely on weak, liquid-like interactions to efficiently catalyse endocytosis.

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