A Review of IEC 62351 Security Mechanisms for IEC 61850 Message Exchanges

Smart grid is the nexus of advanced information and communication technologies and legacy power systems. With increasing awareness on the vulnerabilities of smart grids to cyberattacks, cybersecurity is becoming a prime concern. Earlier, it was assumed that the power system communication protocols are very specialized and different, so the “security by obscurity” approach would be sufficient. However, with the standardization of communication protocols for power utilities and the emergence of the power market, this approach is no longer valid. IEC 62351 Standard has been published to provide security recommendations for different power system communication protocols including IEC 61850. IEC 61850 is emerging as the most promising and popular power system communication standard. Therefore, in this article, a detailed analysis of security threats, possible attacks, and security requirements for IEC 61850 communication is presented. Building on this, the security considerations presented in IEC 62351 for securing different IEC 61850 messages, such as generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE), sampled values (SV), routable-GOOSE, routable-SV, and manufacturing message specification messages have been presented in great detail.

• Publication year

  2020

• Venue

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

• Publication date

  2020-09-01

• Fields of study

  Computer Science, Engineering, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1109/TII.2019.2956734
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Safety related functions with IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging

  2019cited by this paper
• A security scheme for intelligent substation communications considering real-time performance

  2019cited by this paper
• Performance Evaluation and Analysis of IEC 62351-6 Probabilistic Signature Scheme for Securing GOOSE Messages

  2019cited by this paper
• Security Challenges in Control Network Protocols: A Survey

  2019cited by this paper
• IEC 61850-Based Communication Modeling of EV Charge-Discharge Management for Maximum PV Generation

  2019cited by this paper
• Analysis and Implementation of Message Authentication Code (MAC) Algorithms for GOOSE Message Security

  2019cited by this paper
• A Novel Approach for Mitigation of Replay and Masquerade Attacks in Smartgrids Using IEC 61850 Standard

  2019cited by this paper
• The IEC 61850 Sampled Measured Values Protocol: Analysis, Threat Identification, and Feasibility of Using NN Forecasters to Detect Spoofed Packets

  2019cited by this paper
• Virtual Power Plant Management in Smart Grids with XMPP Based IEC 61850 Communication

  2019cited by this paper
• IEC 61850 and XMPP Communication Based Energy Management in Microgrids Considering Electric Vehicles

  2018cited by this paper
• Experimental Comparison of Multicast Authentication for Wide Area Monitoring Systems

  2018cited by this paper
• Communication Modeling of Solar Home System and Smart Meter in Smart Grids

  2018cited by this paper
• Communication Design for Energy Management Automation in Microgrid

  2018cited by this paper
• Development and Application of a Real-Time Testbed for Multiagent System Interoperability: A Case Study on Hierarchical Microgrid Control

  2018cited by this paper
• Communication Modeling for Differential Protection in IEC-61850-Based Substations

  2018cited by this paper
• Toward Threat of Implementation Attacks on Substation Security: Case Study on Fault Detection and Isolation

  2018cited by this paper
• IEEE 1609 WAVE and IEC 61850 Standard Communication Based Integrated EV Charging Management in Smart Grids

  2018cited by this paper
• Secure Communication of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Digital Substations

  2018cited by this paper
• IEC 61850 Modeling of DSTATCOM and XMPP Communication for Reactive Power Management in Microgrids

  2018cited by this paper
• Design and implementation of a communication network and operating system for an adaptive integrated hybrid AC/DC microgrid module

  2018cited by this paper
• System-on-Programmable-Chip AES-GCM implementation for wire-speed cryptography for SAS

  2018cited by this paper
• Performance evaluation of IEC 61850 GOOSE‐based inter‐substation communication for accelerated distance protection scheme

  2018cited by this paper
• Certificate Based Authentication Mechanism for PMU Communication Networks Based on IEC 61850-90-5

  2018cited by this paper
• Design and Implementation of Security Gateway for Synchrophasor Based Real-Time Control and Monitoring in Smart Grid

  2017cited by this paper
• Protection of Autonomous Microgrids Using Agent-Based Distributed Communication

  2017cited by this paper
• A security evaluation of IEC 62351

  2017cited by this paper
• A new methodology for real-time detection of attacks in IEC 61850-based systems

  2017cited by this paper
• Modernizing Substation Automation Systems: Adopting IEC Standard 61850 for Modeling and Communication

  2017cited by this paper
• Interpreting and Implementing IEC 61850-90-5 Routed-Sampled Value and Routed-GOOSE Protocols for IEEE C37.118.2 Compliant Wide-Area Synchrophasor Data Transfer

  2017cited by this paper
• Real-time testing platform for microgrid controllers against false data injection cybersecurity attacks

  2016cited by this paper
• Operation of battery energy storage system using extensional information model based on IEC 61850 for micro-grids

  2016cited by this paper
• Real-Time Co-Simulation Platform for Smart Grid Volt-VAR Optimization Using IEC 61850

  2016cited by this paper
• Virtual Power Plant for Grid Services Using IEC 61850

  2016cited by this paper
• Review of cyber-security challenges and measures in smart substation

  2016cited by this paper
• Novel weaknesses in IEC 62351 protected Smart Grid control systems

  2016cited by this paper
• Cryptography And Network Security Principles And Practice

  2016cited by this paper
• Performance comparison of IEC 61850-90-5 and IEEE C37.118.2 based wide area PMU communication networks

  2016cited by this paper
• Smart Grid Automation Based on IEC 61850: An Experimental Characterization

  2015cited by this paper
• Investigating cyber-physical attacks against IEC 61850 photovoltaic inverter installations

  2015cited by this paper
• Toward Industrially Usable Agent Technology for Smart Grid Automation

  2015cited by this paper
• Distributed Optimal Energy Management in Microgrids

  2015cited by this paper
• Multiagent-Based Distribution Automation Solution for Self-Healing Grids

  2015cited by this paper
• Detection of cyber intrusions using network-based multicast messages for substation automation

  2014cited by this paper
• Poisoned GOOSE: Exploiting the GOOSE Protocol

  2014cited by this paper
• Integrated Anomaly Detection for Cyber Security of the Substations

  2014cited by this paper
• A review of security attacks on IEC61850 substation automation system network

  2014cited by this paper
• Implementing distance line protection schemes among IEC61850-enabled substations

  2014cited by this paper
• Adaptive Protection and Microgrid Control Design for Hailuoto Island

  2014cited by this paper
• Implementing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology With IEC 61850-7-420

  2013cited by this paper
• Centralized and Distributed Active and Reactive Power Control of a Utility Connected Microgrid Using IEC61850

  2012cited by this paper
• Simulation of communication infrastructure of a centralized microgrid protection system based on IEC 61850-7-420

  2012cited by this paper
• Intrusion Detection of NSM Based DoS Attacks Using Data Mining in Smart Grid

  2012cited by this paper
• Multiagent Smart Grid Automation Architecture Based on IEC 61850/61499 Intelligent Logical Nodes

  2012cited by this paper
• Operation of a Utility Connected Microgrid Using an IEC 61850-Based Multi-Level Management System

  2012cited by this paper
• Modeling of a Centralized Microgrid Protection System and Distributed Energy Resources According to IEC 61850-7-420

  2012cited by this paper
• Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards

  2011cited by this paper
• Extending IEC 61850-7-420 for distributed generators with fault current limiters

  2011cited by this paper
• Security Analysis and Auditing of IEC61850-Based Automated Substations

  2010cited by this paper
• An Intrusion Detection System for IEC61850 Automated Substations

  2010cited by this paper
• The Future Is Now

  2010cited by this paper
• Cyber Security Practical considerations for implementing IEC 62351

  2010cited by this paper
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information

  2009cited by this paper
• Active Management of Distributed Energy Resources Using Standardized Communications and Modern Information Technologies

  2009cited by this paper
• The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2

  2008cited by this paper
• The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3

  2008cited by this paper
• Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile

  2005cited by this paper
• The Cost of Protection Measures in Tactical Networks

  2004cited by this paper
• Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.1

  2003cited by this paper
• The Group Domain of Interpretation

  2003cited by this paper
• Cryptography and network security - principles and practice (2. ed.)

  1999cited by this paper
• The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP

  1998cited by this paper
• Cryptography and network security

  1998cited by this paper
• Communication networks and systems for power utility automation

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Analysis of Communication Protocols in Electrical Substations: Trends, Standards, and Simulation Tools with an Emphasis on IEC 61850

  2026cites this paper
• Risk-Aware Unsupervised Cyberattack Detection via Contrastive Autoencoding and Adversarial Training in Smart Grid Substations

  2026cites this paper
• An anonymization framework for IEC 61850 substation communications: Field-level and topology-aware privacy

  2026cites this paper
• Explainable Autoencoder-Based Anomaly Detection in IEC 61850 GOOSE Networks

  2026cites this paper
• Analysis of a real-time co-simulation framework for smart and secure EV charging infrastructures

  2025cites this paper
• In-Network GOOSE Encryption with eBPF-based Programmable Network Architecture

  2025cites this paper
• Digital Twins and Cyber–Physical Systems Toward the Digitalization of Power and Energy Systems

  2025cites this paper
• Overview of Digital Twin Development in Power Electronics

  2025cites this paper
• Enhancing Selectivity of Distance Protection in Weak Infeed Situation Using Multiple IED Communication

  2025cites this paper
• Data Mapping Method of Intelligent Substation Based on Full Communication Link

  2025cites this paper
• Integration and Development Path of Smart Grid Technology: Technology-Driven, Policy Framework and Application Challenges

  2025cites this paper
• Developments, challenges and future opportunities in cybersecure microgrid control

  2025cites this paper
• Microgrids’ Control Strategies and Real-Time Monitoring Systems: A Comprehensive Review

  2025cites this paper
• A Novel IEC 61850-Based Centralized Line Differential Protection Scheme

  2025cites this paper
• Decentralised Consensus Control of Hybrid Synchronous Condenser and Grid-Forming Inverter Systems in Renewable-Dominated Low-Inertia Grids

  2025cites this paper
• Auto-SGCR: Automated Generation of Smart Grid Cyber Range Using IEC 61850 Standard Models

  2025cites this paper
• Blake-2s based Improved Authentication Scheme for IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages

  2025cites this paper
• Vehicle-to-everything mode of operation technologies: A state-of-art systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• Cyber Resilience of Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grids: The Dutch Case

  2025influential citation
• Cyber4OT dataset: Network traces for cyber-security vulnerability evaluation in industrial control systems

  2025cites this paper
• A taxonomy of key management schemes of SCADA systems

  2025cites this paper
• A need for communication-free adaptive protection strategy in microgrids: An integrated survey on impacts, challenges, possible solutions and open research in microgrid protection

  2025cites this paper
• Smart Grid Protection, Automation and Control: Challenges and Opportunities

  2025cites this paper
• A Public key Based Quantum Secure Digital Signature Scheme for Securing IEC 61850 R-GOOSE and R-SV Messages

  2025cites this paper
• Detection-Triggered Recursive Impact Mitigation Against Secondary False Data Injection Attacks in Cyber-Physical Microgrid

  2025cites this paper
• Cybersecurity of distributed energy resource systems in the smart grid: A survey

  2025cites this paper
• Resilient Smart Grid Communication Under Cyber Attacks

  2025cites this paper
• Securing IEC 61850 with Ascon Lightweight Authenticated Encryption: A Case Study

  2025cites this paper
• Physics-Guided and Explainable Anomaly Detection for IEC 61850 Sampled Values

  2025cites this paper
• Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms to Improve Cybersecurity in the Industrial Electrical Sector

  2024cites this paper
• A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Undetectable Attacks Against Automatic Generation Control

  2024cites this paper
• Robust Substation Enhancement Strategy for Allocating the Defensive Resource Against the Cyber-Attacks on IEDs

  2024cites this paper
• From conventional to smart substations: A classification model

  2024cites this paper
• Cyber Resiliency Enhancement of Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Systems

  2024cites this paper
• Leveraging Deep Learning to Increase the Success Rate of DoS Attacks in PMU-Based Automatic Generation Control Systems

  2024cites this paper
• A review on machine learning techniques for secured cyber-physical systems in smart grid networks

  2024cites this paper
• Toward Wireless Smart Grid Communications: An Evaluation of Protocol Latencies in an Open-Source 5G Testbed

  2024cites this paper
• Investigating the Security of OpenPLC: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigation Solutions

  2024cites this paper
• A review on adaptive power system protection schemes for future smart and micro grids, challenges and opportunities

  2024cites this paper
• On Practicality of Using ARM TrustZone Trusted Execution Environment for Securing Programmable Logic Controllers

  2024cites this paper
• Enhanced authentication and device integrity protection for GDOI using blockchain

  2024cites this paper
• A comprehensive survey of cyberattacks on EVs: Research domains, attacks, defensive mechanisms, and verification methods

  2024cites this paper
• Cyber-Physical Testbed Frameworks for Digital Infrastructure

  2024cites this paper
• An analytical survey of cyber‐physical systems in water treatment and distribution: Security challenges, intrusion detection, and future directions

  2024cites this paper
• Detection-Triggered Recursive Impact Mitigation against Secondary False Data Injection Attacks in Microgrids

  2024cites this paper
• From Plant to Lab: Industrial Emulation Tools for Real-World Security Testing in Industrial Control Systems

  2024cites this paper
• Machine-Learning-Based Anomaly Detection for GOOSE in Digital Substations

  2024cites this paper
• Power System Stability Analysis From Cyber Attacks Perspective

  2024cites this paper
• Evaluation of SDN security measures in the context of IEC 62443-3-3

  2024cites this paper
• Implementation and Testing a Robust Data-Repairing Method for Protection IEDs on Process Bus

  2024cites this paper
• ML-based Anomaly Detection System for IEC 61850 Communication in Substations

  2024cites this paper
• Survey of Load-Altering Attacks Against Power Grids: Attack Impact, Detection, and Mitigation

  2024cites this paper
• A saddlepoint approximation for the smoothed periodogram

  2024cites this paper
• A Construction Method for a Unified Information Model in the Context of Intelligent Digital Convert Stations

  2024cites this paper
• Real-Time Cyber Attack Detection and Response Using Digital Twins in Protection Relays

  2024cites this paper
• Cyber Attack Impact Characterization for IEC 61850-based Substations

  2024cites this paper
• A High-Performance Curve25519 and Curve448 Unified Elliptic Curve Cryptography Accelerator

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring Security Communication Tactics for Intelligent Substations Grounded on Edge Computing

  2024cites this paper
• Lightweight Virtual Protective Relay

  2024cites this paper
• FALCON based Quantum Attack Secure Digital Signature Scheme for IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages

  2024cites this paper
• A flexible OT testbed for evaluating on-device implementations of IEC-61850 GOOSE

  2023cites this paper
• Risk-based contingency analysis for power systems considering a combination of different types of cyber-attacks

  2023cites this paper
• Cybersecurity challenges in IoT-based smart renewable energy

  2023cites this paper
• A novel hybrid cybersecurity scheme against false data injection attacks in automated power systems

  2023cites this paper
• Security Management for an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) System of Smart Electrical Grids

  2023cites this paper
• An Analysis of IEC 62351 Implementations for Securing IEC 60870-5-104 Communication

  2023cites this paper
• Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

  2023cites this paper
• Holistic attack methods against power systems using the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol

  2023cites this paper
• Detecting and classifying man-in-the-middle attacks in the private area network of smart grids

  2023cites this paper
• Fast and Reliable Sending of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event Frames between Remote Locations over Loss-Prone Networks

  2023cites this paper
• Particular Issues of Implementation of Embedded Cryptographic Instruments of Information Protection Digital Substation Devices Exchanging Messages IEC 61850-8-1 Protocol (GOOSE)

  2023cites this paper
• A Review of Demand-Side Resources in Active Distribution Systems: Communication Protocols, Smart Metering, Control, Automation, and Optimization

  2023cites this paper
• A Hybrid Physical Co-Simulation Smart Grid Testbed for Testing and Impact Analysis of Cyber-Attacks on Power Systems: Framework and Attack Scenarios

  2023cites this paper
• GOOSEAttacker: Synthetic Attack Generation Tool for IEC61850

  2023cites this paper
• Cybersecurity Resilient for Quartile-based Transformer Differential Protection Scheme

  2023cites this paper
• Attack Detection in Automatic Generation Control Systems using LSTM-Based Stacked Autoencoders

  2023cites this paper
• A Novel Attack Identification Mechanism in IoT-Based Converter-Composed DC Grids

  2023cites this paper
• International Electrotechnical Commission 61850 Routable Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event Messages: A Secure Data-Centric Communication Approach

  2023cites this paper
• PDDL: Proactive Distributed Detection and Localization Against Stealthy Deception Attacks in DC Microgrids

  2023cites this paper
• Linear Programming-Based Power Management for a Multi-Feeder Ultra-Fast DC Charging Station

  2023cites this paper
• A novel hybrid methodology to secure GOOSE messages against cyberattacks in smart grids

  2023cites this paper
• Analysis of False Data Injection Attacks Against Automated Control for Parallel Generators in IEC 61850-Based Smart Grid Systems

  2023cites this paper
• Review of Cybersecurity Analysis in Smart Distribution Systems and Future Directions for Using Unsupervised Learning Methods for Cyber Detection

  2023cites this paper
• Integrated Monitoring and Control System Architecture for 11 kV Substation

  2023cites this paper
• An Effective Security Scheme for Attacks on Sample Value Messages in IEC 61850 Automated Substations

  2023cites this paper
• A Testbed for Evaluating Performance and Cybersecurity Implications of IEC-61850 GOOSE Hardware Implementations

  2023cites this paper
• Security analysis of digitized substations: A systematic review of GOOSE messages

  2023cites this paper
• GuardBox: A High-Performance Middlebox Providing Confidentiality and Integrity for Packets

  2023cites this paper
• Enhancing Cyber-Resiliency of DER-Based Smart Grid: A Survey

  2023cites this paper
• Digital Substations and IEC 61850: A Primer

  2023cites this paper
• Performance Analysis of Routable GOOSE Security Algorithm for Substation Communication through Public Internet Network

  2023cites this paper
• Blockchain Technology on Smart Grid, Energy Trading, and Big Data: Security Issues, Challenges, and Recommendations

  2022cites this paper
• Review on cyber-physical and cyber-security system in smart grid: Standards, protocols, constraints, and recommendations

  2022cites this paper
• On the Implementation and Security Analysis of Routable-GOOSE Messages Based on IEC 61850 Standard

  2022cites this paper
• A feasibility study of using Manufacturing Message Specification report gateway model for IEC61850 inter-substation type-1 messaging over Wide Area Network

  2022cites this paper
• IEC 61850 Compatible OpenPLC for Cyber Attack Case Studies on Smart Substation Systems

  2022cites this paper
• DER Communication Networks and Their Security Issues

  2022influential citation
• Wed Model-Based Communication Security Evaluation Management System for Intelligent Substation

  2022cites this paper
• IEC 61850-Based Renewable Energy Systems: A Survey on Cybersecurity Aspects

  2022cites this paper
• Cyber–physical testbed for Wide Area Measurement System employing IEC 61850 and IEEE C37.118 based communication

  2022cites this paper