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Síndrome hepatopulmonar: revisión narrativa

M. R. Insuasty-Enríquez,Elizabeth M. Correa-Gutiérrez,L. G. Toro-Rendón

Published 2017 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is one of the three main pulmonary disorders affecting patients with liver disease or portal hypertension. This disease is caused by hyperdynamic circulation, intrapulmonary shunts, and pulmonary vasodilation, which leads to disturbances in gas exchange, evidenced by hypoxemia and increased alveolar-arterial gradient. Diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome requires arterial blood gas analysis and documentation of intrapulmonary vascular dilation by transthoracic echocardiogram with agitated saline contrast; the gold standard for hepatopulmonary syndrome diagnosis. Due to the prognostic value of hepatopulmonary syndrome, active screening is recommended in order to achieve early diagnosis and timely patient referral to a specialized center to be evaluated as a candidate for liver transplant, as it currently is the only available curative treatment. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of current literature on hepatopulmonary syndrome, focusing on its definition, diagnosis, physiopathogenesis, and available therapeutic approaches.

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