A severe and common pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease is hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). It is a triad of liver dysfunction and/or portal hypertension, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Prevalence varies according to various study groups from 4%–47%. While the most common presenting symptom of HPS is dyspnea, it is usually asymptomatic, and thus all liver transplant candidates should be screened for its presence. Pulse oximetry is a useful screening method, but arterial blood gas examination is the gold standard. If there is an abnormal P (A-a)O2 gradient, microbubble transthoracic echocardiography should be done for diagnosis. Outcome is unpredictable, and there is currently no effective medical therapy. The only effective therapy is considered to be liver transplantation. Complete resolution of HPS after liver transplantation is seen within a year in most HPS patients.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Liver Transplantation: A Recent Review of the Literature
Caglar Cosarderelioglu,A. Coşar,M. Gurakar,N. Dagher,A. Gurakar
Published 2016 in Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
ABSTRACT
PUBLICATION RECORD
- Publication year
2016
- Venue
Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
- Publication date
2016-03-15
- Fields of study
Medicine
- Identifiers
- External record
- Source metadata
Semantic Scholar, PubMed
CITATION MAP
EXTRACTION MAP
CLAIMS
CONCEPTS
- alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient
The difference between alveolar and arterial oxygen levels used to assess oxygenation impairment.
Aliases: P(A-a)O2 gradient, A-a gradient
- arterial blood gas examination
A blood test that directly measures arterial oxygenation and related gas values.
Aliases: ABG examination, arterial blood gas
- hepatopulmonary syndrome
A pulmonary vascular complication associated with liver disease and abnormal oxygenation.
Aliases: HPS
- intrapulmonary vascular dilatations
Abnormal widening of blood vessels within the lungs.
Aliases: intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, IPVDs
- liver dysfunction
Impaired normal function of the liver relevant to the syndrome definition.
- microbubble transthoracic echocardiography
An echocardiographic technique using injected microbubbles to detect intrapulmonary shunting.
Aliases: contrast transthoracic echocardiography, bubble echocardiography
- portal hypertension
Elevated pressure in the portal venous system relevant to the syndrome definition.
- pulse oximetry
A noninvasive method for estimating blood oxygen saturation through the skin.
REFERENCES
CITED BY
Showing 1-45 of 45 citing papers · Page 1 of 1